Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Lying peacefully at anchor in the sheltered waters of Scapa Flow, the battleship HMS Vanguard suddenly blew-up on a quiet summer night in July 1917, leaving but a handful of survivors.Accident or sabotage?While the trail of evidence uncovered by the Court of Inquiry furnished no definitive answer, the conclusion that it was an accidental cordite explosion makes the most sense and has not been seriously challenged to this day.Her remains are still in the Flow, but it is unlikely that even a full archaeological survey could determine anything other than that it was indeed an explosion in one of the amidships magazines which sank the ship.The records of the Court of Inquiry shed light on the internal routines of the Royal Navy's capital ships: even in such basic (and vital) procedures as the taking of magazine temperatures, each ship handled matters in its own way.Of equal interest are the many improvements which resulted from the loss of Vanguard.Surprisingly little has been written about the sudden, catastrophic sinking of this powerful man-of-war -it is not even mentioned in the official History.' Typical is the simple "destroyed by internal explosion at Scapa 9 July '17" in Oscar Parkes' British Battleships.2 Other later references provide little more: even R. A. Burt in his detailed British Battleships of World War One only summarises the evidence.3 In his book about the loss of the armoured cruiser HMS Natal, Cecil Hampshire discusses the Vanguard tragedy but the description is marred by his attempt to use very circumstantial evidence to find a saboteur.4 The paper before you is an in-depth look at Vanguard's destruction and the lessons learned from it, with emphasis placed on the technical tidbits that are of value when trying to learn about the day-to-day habits of the wartime Royal Navy. Vanguard's Career 5On 22 April 1909, the Royal Navy's seventh dreadnought battleship slid down the ways at Vickers in Barrow-on-Furness.Along with her sister ships, St. Vincent and Collingwood, Vanguard was a slightly improved version of HMS Dreadnought, the most noteworthy alteration being the adoption of a new twelve-inch gun, lengthened to fifty calibres, instead of the forty-five-calibre weapon that had hitherto been used (see table 1).Vanguard's career in the RN was similar to most of her contemporaries.Commissioned in March 1910, almost all of her time was spent in northern waters as part of the RN's concentration against the German naval threat.Perhaps the most notable peacetime activity was participation in the test firings against the old HMS Empress of India, which was of some significance to the gunnery community.6 When war broke out in August 1914, The Northern Mariner/Le Marin du nord, X, No. 3 (July 2000), 57-89.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,007 | 0,004 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».