Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality is one of America's first and leading organizations fighting police brutality. The Coalition was founded by educator/activist Gloria House, PhD, and Marge Parsons in 1996, and was led from the late 1990s on by Ron Scott, who passed away in November 2015. Detroit has a long history with police brutality, as Sandra Hines discusses using her own personal experiences. After the city's 1967 Rebellion, precipitated by consistent and pernicious police brutality against African-Americans, Detroit moved quickly to become a predominantly African-American city. Yet, the police force remained dominated by whites. In 1971, the Detroit Police Department created the anti-crime taskforce Stop the Robberies Enjoy Safe Streets (STRESS). In two years, the STRESS unit was involved in the deaths of more than 30 individuals, predominately African-Americans. Ending the STRESS program was one of the campaign promises of Coleman Young, who was elected as the city's first African-American mayor in 1973. While Young worked to integrate the police department, the continuing economic decline of the city meant that major problems remained. As Sandra Hines describes, the immediate impetus for founding the Coalition grew out of the police killing of Malice Green in November 1992, six months after the uprisings in Los Angeles against the acquittal of the police involved in the Rodney King beatings (see Azikiwe, 2006). Since its founding, the Coalition has been active with the Detroit Board of Police Commissioners, which provides civilian oversight of the police department, by attending its regular meetings and bringing issues and incidents of police brutality to the Board. In Scott's obituary, it was argued that the Coalition's work and Scott's advocacy were important factors in Detroit avoiding the kind of anti-police brutality uprisings seen in cities such as Ferguson or Baltimore (Fournier and Dickenson, 2015). Sandra Hines has been active in the Coalition for many years and is currently its President. She hosted a radio show with Ron Scott, Fighting for Justice . For more on the Coalition, see: www.detroitcoalition.org Can you start by describing some of the history of police brutality in Detroit? The Coalition was born to respond to police control over poor and black people. Historically, instead of living by the dictum “to protect and serve,” the police have been there “to command and control.” Over the years, because of where Detroit was located, many black people came from the South to the North.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,006 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,007 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,004 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,098 | 0,023 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».