Justice, rights and capabilities
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This chapter is concerned with a central question: how far can the ideas embedded in contemporary views of rights and justice take us in the development of a good life for people with intellectual disabilities? Rights Is there another word for rights. A lot of people (with intellectual disabilities) don't know what rights mean. (Roberts, 2009) Like many other concepts addressed in this book, ‘rights’ is a generally used term, the meaning of which is seldom unpacked, and, as Bill Roberts says, for people with intellectual disabilities it can be a difficult one to explain in concrete terms. To describe the history and development of rights would take a book in itself, however we believe it is important to provide a brief account of how ideas about rights have evolved and their implications for people with intellectual disabilities. It is also important to position them in relation to the philosophical accounts in Part One of what constitutes a good life because: If we do not know what human rights are exactly, how they have developed and why they might be important, making a decision about how best they might be protected will be correspondingly more difficult. (Zifcak and King, 2009, p 11) What are rights? The conception of rights is deeply embedded in Western philosophical views about the nature of being human and of ‘a life well lived’ or, in our terms, ‘a good life’. As we will see in this brief account, they resonate strongly with the discussion of a good life in earlier parts of this book. Rights are not a new concept, although there has been a strong focus on them since the middle of the 20th century. They have their basis in theological writing and philosophy in the late middle ages. Thomas Aquinas, for example, asserted that there were certain natural laws or principles of justice. He defined justice as ‘what is owed to everyone in common’ as opposed to obligations to particular individuals. Aquinas saw rights as entitlements that encompassed life, reason, determination of one's life course, peaceful living and the search for God. Enlightenment philosophers such as Kant and Mill removed rights from their theological context and reconstituted them as moral principles derived from reason alone.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,048 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».