Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract This paper summarizes evidence of gas effects in several Athabasca SAGD projects. These effects are easily reproduced with simple 1D column simulations. Solution gas has a material impact on SAGD production rates in general, which explains the need to use arbitrarily low permeabilities when history matching with no gas in the model. Introduction Following the UTF Phase A SAGD test, it was reported that: "No significant accumulations [of noncondensible gas] were observed in the steam chamber. This was fortunate because such accumulations appear to be harmful because they inhibit steam transport to the front. "Current simulators incorrectly predict that even small amounts of gas…will accumulate in a steam chamber and substantially impair drainage…more work is required to account for gas transport mechanisms adequately so that reasonable predictions can be made for reservoirs containing greater amounts of gas."(1) Simulators still do not properly account for known amounts of solution gas in the McMurray formation, in the sense that is not generally possible to produce a reasonable history match of field behavior if the full amount of solution gas is included. (2) The question of how the gas is being removed from the chamber, and therefore what is missing from the simulators, remains unresolved, and is beyond the scope of this paper. Meanwhile, two important points have been passed over. The first is that, even at UTF, some in-significant gas accumulations can be found in the data, as reported for example by Ito. (3) The second is that "reservoirs containing greater amounts of gas", than UTF/Dover that is, includes most of the current McMurray SAGD projects. In the case of Foster Creek, at the deep end, saturation pressure is 2800 kPa and the solution GOR is estimated to be about 5 times that at Dover. Since the gas removal mechanism(s) is unknown, it has always been possible that it was strong enough under UTF circumstances to prevent "significant" accumulations, but not strong enough to do this in deeper Athabasca reservoirs. However, the difficult nature of the SAGD gas problem, combined with the apparent success of UTF history matching without it, has understandably encouraged a situation where it has become standard practise to ignore solution gas in SAGD simulations. Standard practice is also to arbitrarily lower absolute and/orrelative permeabilities in order to match field performance. In the case of the UTF, there was good correspondance between measured core and history match permeabilites, using "open" relative permeabilites. This correspondance does not seem to apply to deeper, thicker reservoirs such as Surmont or Foster Creek, particularly with respect to steam rise rates. Field Evidence Hangingstone Ito et al report detailed analyses and history matching of observation well temperature data from the UTF Phase B(3)and Hangingstone Phase I(4) projects. Although the Hangingstone situation is complicated by the high operating pressure of 5 MPa at a depth of 280 m*, they show anomalies in the rise rates at some wells, where steam rise would "suddenly stop" for a while and then resume.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».