FAMILY AND FAMILY EDUCATION IN KHERSON GUBERNIYA OF THE XIX - FIRST QUARTER OF THE XX CENTURY THROUGH THE PRISM OF SOCIAL AND ETHNOREGIONAL FACTORS

The article reveals views on the family and family upbringing in the Kherson gubernija (XIX – first quarter of XX century), based on the historical background and traditions of the Ukrainians. The authors emphasize that the family in Ukraine in the XIX – first quarter of the XX century had a traditional background, which was characterized by the dominance of agriculture and that contributed to the formation of the first and most valuable experience – children acquired important work skills, learned basic moral norms and rules of behavior;it contributed to understanding various aspects of social life and self-assertion in it. The publication regards the family in the traditional society of the XIX – first quarter of the XX century as a social institution with an orderly mechanism of internal relations, with clearly defined responsibilities of each of its members in accordance with the sex and age distribution of labor and upbringing of children. Children’s upbringing of the XIX – first quarter of the XX century is considered as purposeful influence aimed at spiritual, social and work experience of generations, by means of which the individual was supposed to acquier the desired traits and properties in the socio-pedagogical interaction of adults and children during the time of their living together.. The upbringing of peasant children in the Kherson guberniya was influenced by the cultural, social and ethnic processes that took place in this region. The greater part of the population of Kherson guberniya, during the period under study, lived in rural areas. The peasantry formed the basis of the Kherson guberniya. The most common was a nuclear family of parents and children. At the end of the XIX century the process of separation of undivided families took place, in the relationship between parents and children the individuality of each family member was recognized. Even in the early twentieth century the concepts of family and household were identical and meant a number of close relatives who lived together and ran the same farm. The authors conclude that the upbringing of children in a peasant family of the XIX – first quarter of the XX century – was a form of education based on: the experience of the people in a number of folk forms, methods, means of education and socialization; in combination of purposeful, conscious and socially desirable actions of parents with the daily influence of family life; interaction of children and parents during the time of living together; aimed at preparing children for life in the existing social conditions, their acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for labor in the traditional society.

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