French St. Louis: Landscape, Contexts, and Legacy ed. by Jay Gitlin, Robert Michael Morrissey and Peter J. Kastor
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Reviewed by: French St. Louis: Landscape, Contexts, and Legacy ed. by Jay Gitlin, Robert Michael Morrissey and Peter J. Kastor Alice J. Strange Gitlin, Jay, Robert Michael Morrissey, and Peter J. kastor, eds. French St. Louis: Landscape, Contexts, and Legacy. UP of Nebraska, 2021. ISBN 978-1-4962-0684-8. Pp. 319. This volume assembles ten essays from a 2014 symposium commemorating the 250th anniversary of the founding of St. Louis. The city grew from an eighteenth-century village in the mid-Mississippi Valley, inhabited by settlers and traders from New France. These French colonists and their descendants engaged in a wide network of activities, documented in archival sources and brought to light in this work. The colony was not officially approved by French authorities. Being located far from imperial control, the St. Louis French settlers could make local decisions more freely. Since they were vastly outnumbered by the Indigenous population, the French devised practices that served the interests of both parties. They maintained good relations with Native Americans by trading European goods for their furs and bestowing additional gifts on them to foster peace. In daily life, clothing styles and adornment conveyed social information, according to letters, wills, and estate inventories. Physical appearance functioned as an indication of status and identity among the French and their Indigenous neighbors. The beads, body coloring, and hairstyles worn by Native Americans told of their roles and achievements. The French elite class, consisting of the colony’s founding families, possessed elegant clothing and household goods from Europe. This group intermarried, controlled commercial interests, and maintained contacts with distant family members. Wealthy St. Louis residents visited relatives and sent children to be educated in New France by means of waterways from St. Louis to Montréal and Québec. The colonial era ended with the Louisiana Purchase, shortly after France sent its last prefect to Louisiana in 1804. The prefect accumulated a valuable trove of personal papers before carrying out his final duty, the ceremonial transfer of the Louisiana Territory to the United States. Although no structures survive from the French regime, a visualization of the 1804 village has been created by a National Park Service team using computer-generated technology. Dimensions and layout of the structures were taken from surveys, land records, and maps. This three-dimensional digital rendering may be seen in the museum beneath the Gateway Arch National Park in St. Louis. Under American control, St. Louis continued to maintain a strong French identity. A French-language newspaper, La Revue de l’Ouest, established in 1854, contains notices for dozens of French shops and services. French-speaking free people of color, less well-known than their counterparts in Louisiana, had lived and prospered in St. Louis since the early days of the colony. They maintained their culture throughout the nineteenth century. By1860, St. Louis rivaled New Orleans in population and surpassed it in industrial activity. With a thriving manufacturing sector, St. Louis became a crossroads of commerce and profited greatly by supplying goods to [End Page 184] homesteaders heading west. To the present day, an array of organizations and events sustains the French heritage of St. Louis. This work is highly recommended for its innovative discussions of French St. Louis’s contributions to American life. It will appeal to all readers interested in the French history of the American Midwest. [End Page 185] Alice J. Strange Southeast Missouri State University, emerita Copyright © 2022 American Association of Teachers of French
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».