Comparing heart rate variability biofeedback and simple paced breathing to inform the design of guided breathing technologies
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Résumé
Introduction A goal of inbodied interaction is to explore how tools can be designed to provide external interactions that support our internal processes. One process that often suffers from our external interactions with modern computing technology is our breathing. Because of the ergonomics and low-grade-but-frequent stress associated with computer work, many people adopt a short, shallow breathing pattern that is known to have a negative effect on other parts of our physiology. Breathing guides are tools that help people match their breathing patterns to an external (most often visual) cue to practice healthy breathing exercises.However, there are two leading protocols for how breathing cues are offered by breathing guides used in non-clinical settings: simple paced breathing (SPB) and Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRV-b). Although these protocols have separately been demonstrated to be effective, they differ substantially in their complexity and design. Paced breathing is a simpler protocol where a user is asked to match their breathing pattern with a cue paced at a predetermined rate and is simple enough to be completed as a secondary task during other activities. HRV-b, on the other hand, provides adaptive, real-time guidance derived from heart rate variability, a physiological signal that can be sensed through a wearable device. Although the benefits of these two protocols have been well established in clinical contexts, designers of guided breathing technology have little information about whether one is better than the other for non-clinical use. Methods To address this important gap in knowledge, we conducted the first comparative study of these two leading protocols in the context of end-user applications. In our N=28 between-subject design, participants were trained in either SPB or HRV-b and then completed a 10-minute session following their training protocol. Breathing rates and heart rate variability scores were recorded and compared between groups. Results and discussion Our findings indicate that the exercises did not significantly differ in their immediate outcomes – both resulted in significantly slower breathing rates than their baseline and both provided similar relative increases in HRV. Therefore, there were no observed differences in the acute physiological effects when using either SPB or HRV-b. Our paper contributes new findings suggesting that simple paced breathing – a straightforward, intuitive, and easy-to-design breathing exercise – provides the same immediate benefits as HRV-b, but without its added design complexities.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle