Sex-e-Work: An Exploration on the Rise of OnlyFans as a Space for Sexually Explicit Content
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
OnlyFans is a platform that has become well-known for creators selling sexually explicit content, where creators share their content with fans, often for a monthly subscription fee.Currently, little is known within an academic context about the platform and its creators of adult content.Specifically, this study sought to understand how creators experience their platform, understand their labour, and how their experiences intersect with or diverge from current understandings of sex work.To understand the lived experiences of OnlyFans creators of sexually explicit content, nine qualitative interviews and a visual content analysis of 10 creators different from those interviewed were conducted.My research illustrates how there are parallels between OnlyFans creators of sexually explicit content and other forms of sex work however, creators are experiencing sex work in new manners, particularly within a digital environment. Chapter 1: IntroductionOnlyFans is a platform that provides individuals with the opportunity to earn their income by taking a series of sexual photos, editing them, and uploading them to the Internet.With the advancement of technology, the manner in which sex or sexual content is produced, distributed, and consumed has been altered in ways that could be referred to as a new era of sexual labour.Nowadays, self-producing, sharing, and consuming sexually explicit content and porn is even easier than ever, with many individuals now capitalizing on this possibility.OnlyFans is a website platform developed in 2016, that allows individuals, known as creators, to share various content with viewers, known as their fans. 1 As explained in their mission statement, creators "monetize their content while developing authentic relationships with their fanbase." 2 OnlyFans also has a pay-per-view (PPV) feature for creators to charge their fans a fee to view a post by the creator, as well as a tipping feature.3 Through the monetization process, creators often provide an inside view of their life and persona to their fans for typically a monthly subscription fee, but creators also have the option of having a free account subscription.4 OnlyFans pays creators 80% of the money earned, while the platform retains the remaining 20%. 5 Creators on OnlyFans develop and further their relationship with their fan base by sharing content that ranges from photos to videos to writing samples, in genres such as cooking, beauty, gaming, wellness, comedy, and adult content. 6However, OnlyFans is probably best 1 "Our Team and Goals," OnlyFans, accessed June 19, 2022, https://onlyfans.com/about.html. 2 "Our Team." 3 "Community Guidelines," OnlyFans, accessed June 19, 2020, https://onlyfans.com/help.4 "Community Guidelines." 5 "Community Guidelines." 6 Alex, "Genres You Can Find on OnlyFans," OnlyFans Blog (blog).July 14, 2020, https://blog.onlyfans.com/genres-you-can-find-on-onlyfans/.within the gig economy, where creators, as independent contractors, use the platform as a supplementary or even primary source to earn income.13 OnlyFans has become well-known on social media on applications including Twitter and Tik Tok, as well as through various news articles and pop culture references, such as by Beyoncé in the Savage remix.14 OnlyFans' popularity can also be attributed to various controversies and how the platform handled them.For instance, in August 2020, former Disney Chanel star, Bella Thorne, joined OnlyFans and earned $1 million within her first 24 hours, and $2 million shortly after, causing creators who were on the platform prior to Thorne to be upset, as she was an already wealthy celebrity entering the space of largely non-celebrities and taking away from their potential fans and income.15 The outrage grew when Thorne promised nude photos for $200 through the PPV feature, but after subscribers did not receive the promised content, they sought a refund.16 OnlyFans then announced various changes to the website, claiming it was unrelated to Thorne, although creators suggest otherwise.17 OnlyFans placed a $100 cap on PPV messages and a $50 cap on PPV posts for creators who offer a free account.18 Both PPV options had a cap of $200 previously.19 OnlyFans also changed the tipping limit for new users to $100 but allows Quota, April 7, 2021, https://thenorthernquota.org/news/students-are-turning-onlyfans-site-make-money-during- pandemic; Andrew Court, "1 in 5 People Considering OnlyFans to Afford Living in NYC -As Rents Skyrocket," New York Post, March 9, 2022, https://nypost.com/2022/03/09/1-in-5-people-considering-onlyfans-to-afford-living- in-nyc-as-rents-skyrocket/; Griffin Wynne, "OnlyFans Helped Me Pay Off the Last of My Student Loans," Bustle, April 15, 2021, https://www.bustle.com/life/only-fans-pay-off-student-loans.13 Aryana Safaee, "Sex, Love, and OnlyFans: How the Gig Economy Is Transforming Online Sex Work" (master's Thesis, San Diego State University, 2021), 1-97, https://digitallibrary.sdsu.edu/islandora/object/sdsu%3A139760.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,006 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,008 | 0,011 |
| Communication savante | 0,007 | 0,008 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,007 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,009 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».