The County Spirit of Edward Halifax
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Democracy has arrived at a gallop in England, and I feel all the time it is a race for life. Can we educate them before the crash comes?’ So the Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, wrote in 1927 to the Viceroy of India, Edward Wood, then called Lord Irwin and a quondam Fellow of All Souls, afterwards Earl of Halifax and an Honorary Fellow of the college for a quarter of a century. I am going to call him Halifax as I measure his pace in the democratic gallop during the quarter-century before he reached viceregal splendour in 1925. Halifax is remembered as a nobleman, as a territorial magnate, and as a Master of Foxhounds: his properties and trappings are supposed to have set his springs of action. David Cannadine has called him ‘a quintessential grandee’ and ‘a decorative but essentially marginal figure in politics.’ Yet Halifax’s family were notable for academic intelligence: his grandfather Charles Wood of Oriel secured double first-class honours in Classics and Mathematics in the reign of George IV. He, too, got first-class honours early in the reign of Edward VII. Election to the fellowship of All Souls, and the giving there of tutorials to undergraduates, followed. His rent-roll and the stables mattered to him, but so did private thinking and public ideals. This chapter is an examination of Halifax’s formative reasoning, and of the beliefs and connections that he formed in early adulthood. These were the making of the statesman who succeeded Edward Grey as Chancellor of the University of Oxford in 1933, replaced Anthony Eden as Foreign Secretary in 1938, and yielded to Churchill in the contest to succeed Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister in 1940. Halifax never lost the appearance of a first-class honours man who learnt from older Fellows when he was young and listened to younger Fellows when he was old. He was tall, slender, and stooping, with a pale, narrow face but a broad intellectual forehead: someone described him in 1924 as of ‘a rather dusty and untidy appearance, as though he lived chiefly among books.’ Vyvyan Adams, a Leeds MP who saw him speaking in the city in 1940, noted: still there lingers about him the air of the overgrown schoolboy, very apt with his books, respectful to his superiors … and able by his conscientious application to win any open scholarship.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,012 | 0,008 |
| Communication savante | 0,009 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,006 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,030 | 0,012 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».