RIS-Assisted Visible Light Communication Systems: A Tutorial
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Recent intensive and extensive development of the fifth-generation (5G) of cellular networks has led to their deployment throughout much of the world. As part of this implementation, one of the challenges that must be addressed is the skip-zone problem, which occurs when objects such as trees, people, animals, and vehicles obstruct the transmission of signals. In free-space optical (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) systems, dead zones are most often caused by buildings and trees, while in visible light communications (VLC), obstructions are caused by individuals moving around a room or objects placed in the room. A signal obstruction can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio in RF and indoor VLC systems, whereas in FSO systems, where the transmitted signals are directional, the obstruction can completely disrupt data transmission. Therefore, the skip-zone dilemma must be resolved to ensure the smooth and efficient operation of 5G and beyond networks. By placing a relay between a transmitter and a receiver, the effects of obstacles can be mitigated. As a result, the signal from the transmitter will reach the receiver. In recent years, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) that are more efficient than relays have become widely accepted as a method of mitigating skip-zones and providing reconfigurable radio environments. However, there have been limited studies of RISs for optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. Through the RIS technology, OWC and RF communication channels can be reconfigured. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive tutorial on indoor VLC systems utilizing RIS technology. The article discusses the basics of VLC and RISs and reintroduces RISs for OWC systems, focusing on RIS-assisted indoor VLC systems. We also provide a comprehensive overview of optical RISs and examine the differences between optical RISs, RF-RISs, and optical relays. Furthermore, we discuss in detail how RISs can be used to overcome line-of-sight blockages and the device orientation issue in VLC systems while revealing key challenges such as RIS element orientation design, RIS elements to access point/user assignment design, and RIS array positioning design problems that need to be studied. Moreover, we discuss and propose several research problems on integrating optical RISs with other emerging technologies, including non-orthogonal multiple access, multiple-input multiple-output systems, physical layer security, and simultaneous lightwave and power transfer in VLC systems. Finally, we highlight other important research directions that can further improve the performance of RIS-assisted VLC systems.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,007 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle