Experimental Investigation Into Bulk Performance of Three Different Style Inline Separators on Natural Gas at High Pressure, Different Liquid Loadings and Gas Flows
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Inline vertical separators are commonly employed on natural gas transmission facilities (e.g., receipt stations) to primarily filter out liquid contaminants such as compressor oil, glycol, free water, etc. However, these contaminants have been found invariably in the piping system downstream of these separators, indicating the separators are not performing as required. The potential consequences of not removing such contaminants includes lower gas quality, impaired gas metering accuracy, corrosion and damage to equipment/instrumentation and adverse impact on industrial or residential end users. Historically, separators’ performance claims and guarantees in terms of efficiency of liquid removal are often of the order 98–99% of liquid droplet sizes ≥ 8μm. However, there is a lack of ability to verify these claims due to difficulties in quantifying liquid injection rates and droplet characteristics vs. liquid collected while in operation. Extensive testing was undertaken at TC Energy’s Gas Dynamic Test Facility in Didsbury, Canada on three different separators from different manufacturers, two are mesh vane type (MV-1 and MV-2), and the third is dual cyclonic type (DC). The tests were conducted in the range of 4–5 MPa and flow velocity in the range of 1.3–13 m/s in the DN150 inlet nozzle to the separator, i.e., at 10:1 turn down ratio. The injected liquid was industrial compressor oil, typically used in the gas transmission industry, and was injected at a loading in the range of 0. 06–1.8%. Four different spray nozzles were used to atomize the injected oil to a range of particle size distributions (PSD), characterized by median diameter size, D50, in the range of 50–90 μm. Test results revealed that the performance of these separators varied between 90–99.8% independent of liquid loading. The effective Souders-Brown K factor also varied between 0.15–0.27 m/s. Tests were also conducted following a batch of solid injection to determine the effects on liquid separation efficiency on MV-2 separator. It was found that the separation efficiency decreased by approximately 9% following a 7.075 kg batch of solid injection, likely due to the accumulation of solids in the vane-pack.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle