S1521 Sex, Race, and Geographic Disparities Are Prevalent Among Authors and Patients in Prospective Studies Published in Major U.S. Gastroenterology Journals Over the Past Decade
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction: Our team investigated geographic and sex representation among authors in addition to sex and racial representation among patients in prospective cohort and randomized-controlled trials published in the major United States-based (US) gastroenterology and hepatology journals from 2010-2021. Methods: Our librarians retrieved articles published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology (AJG), Gastroenterology, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (CGH), Hepatology, and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (GIE) from 1/1/2010 through 12/31/2021 through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We randomly selected 2,749 articles and excluded all retrospective studies, meta-analyses, cross-sectional studies, translational work, and case series (Figure 1, Table 1). We then excluded 707 RCTs and PCs that were missing patient demographic data (eg, sex, race, etc). Categorical variables were compared using chi-square analysis while t-testing was used for numerical variables. All analysis was done using R. Results: We analyzed 244 RCTs and PCs and found US and Canada-based institutions represented 192/244 of lead authors (78.7%, P < 0.01), while the South comprised 71/192 (38.6%, P = 0.22) of the US-based authors. There were no papers from Africa or South America, and just 12 combined (4.9%) from East or South Asia, and North America apart from the US/Canada. Male lead authors (166/244; 68%) comprised the majority in both RCTs (2.8:1, P = 0.03) and PCs (1.5:1, P = 0.03), and in multi-center studies (3:1, P = 0.02) and single center studies (1.3:1, P = 0.02). Lead authorship was not significantly associated with journal editorial board membership. There were 1,401,292 patients, including 885,255 women (63.2%) and 308,010 non-White (21.9%) patients. The mean number of female to male patients was equivalent in 3 of the 5 journals and just above 2:1 in the other 2 journals (AJG, Gastroenterology). The ratio of White patients was significantly higher than that of non-White patients across all 5 journals (4.7:1 in AJG, 3.9:1 in Gastroenterology, 3.1:1 in GIE, 2.2:1 in Hepatology, and 1.6:1 in CGH; P = 0.04) for RCTs and PCs, whether single-center (2.5:1) or multi-center (5.4:1). Conclusion: There are geographic and sex-based disparities among lead authors, and race-based disparities among patients, particularly in multi-center studies and RCTs, which tend to be the most prestigious in clinical research. Further investigation and effort is needed to help address underrepresentation in these areas.Figure 1.: Flow Chart for Article Selection. Table 1. - Baseline Characteristics for Lead Authors and Study Types Variable Number (Percent); n=244 Journal American Journal of Gastroenterology 38 (15.6) Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 72 (29.5) Gastroenterology 69 (28.3) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 23 (9.4) Hepatology 42 (17.2) Study Type Prospective Cohort 104 (42.6) Randomized-Controlled Trial 140 (57.4) Number of Sites Single-Center 95 (38.9) Multi-Center 149 (61.1) US Geographic Region Midwest 43 (23.4) Northeast 41 (22.3) South 71 (38.6) West 29 (15.8) World Geographic Region East and South Asia 7 (2.9) Europe 30 (12.3) Middle East 3 (1.2) North America (NOT US/Canada) 2 (0.8) Oceania 10 (4.1) US/Canada 192 (78.7) Lead Author Sex Female 78 (32) Male 166 (68) Lead Author on Editorial Board? No 215 (90.3) Yes 23 (9.7) Article's Main Focus Endoscopic Technique 28 (15.1) Liver Disease 101 (51) Pancreatico-Biliary or Gallbladder Disease 20 (10.8) Inflammatory Bowel Disease 24 (13) GI-Based Cancer 24 (13.3) Motility 11 (6.2) Functional GI Disease 27 (14.6) Other GI Issue Not Otherwise Specified 37 (19.2)
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,022 | 0,103 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,021 | 0,035 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,013 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».