Extensive SARS-CoV-2 testing reveals BA.1/BA.2 asymptomatic rates and underreporting in school children
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Case underreporting during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a major challenge to the planning and evaluation of public health responses. Inconsistent underreporting can undermine effective risk assessment due to high uncertainty in predicted future scenarios. Underreporting rates have been particularly high among children and youth, given that asymptomatic school children were often considered a less vulnerable population. In January 2022, the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) was experiencing an Omicron variant outbreak (BA.1/BA.2 subvariants) and public health officials recommended that all students returning to elementary, junior high, and high schools (∼59,452 students) complete two rapid antigen tests (RATs) to be performed three days apart. To estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, we asked parents and guardians to report the results of the RATs completed by K-12 students using an online survey, and to specify the students’ school level and if students with positive RAT results had symptoms. When comparing the survey responses with the number of cases and tests reported by the NL testing system, we found that 1 out of every 4.3 (3.1-5.3) positive households were captured by provincial case count, with 5.1% positivity estimated from the RAT results, and 1.2% positivity reported by the provincial testing system. The survey data indicate that a higher percentage of SARS-CoV-2 cases were found in elementary schools, with 62.9% of positive cases (95% CI: 44.3%, 83.0%) reported from elementary school students, and the remaining 37.1% (95% CI: 22.7%, 52.9%) reported from junior high and high school students. Asymptomatic infections were 59.8% of the positive cases, with no significant difference between asymptomatic rates in elementary schools (60.8%) or in junior high and high schools (58.1%). Given the low survey participation rate (3.5%), our results may suffer from sample selection biases, and should be interpreted with caution. Nonetheless, our estimate of the underreporting ratio is consistent with ratios calculated from serology data, and our study provides insights into infection prevalence and asymptomatic infections in school children, a currently understudied population. We declare that This manuscript is original and is not a violation or infringement of any existing copyright or license The manuscript is not under consideration elsewhere All authors meet the definition of authorship as set out by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Permission has been obtained from the copyright holder(s) if indicated, for the use of any third-party textual, graphic, artistic or other material
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».