Optimization of organic waste home composting
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Within cities around the world, home composting can reduce the cost of disposing food waste (FW) and yard trimmings\n(YT). Besides reducing equipment and labour costs, home composting of organic waste eliminates its selective collection\nand mechanical processing, and reduces the fossil fuel required for these tasks as well as their resulting greenhouse\ngases. Nevertheless, the successful implementation of onsite composting depends on the active participation of\nhouseholds and the production of a safe soil amendment.\nThe research objectives of the project were therefore to define the operational parameters which optimize the composting process and quality. \nThe research work was first initiated in the laboratory, at the IRSTEA (formerly Cemagref) Research Centre, of Rennes, France, using typical home composting systems (HC) loaded with an organic waste mixture consisting of equal volumes of wet FW and YT. During this experiment, the ground pile, the slatted wood bin, the plastic bin and the rotary drum were compared using different management practices (batch versus weekly feeding, weekly mixed versus not mixed, and with or without wood chips as bulking agent, BA); home composter performance was compared in terms of dry matter (DM), carbon and nitrogen mass balance, and pathogen/parasite counts. These laboratory results were validated during a second experiment conducted with the collaboration of 5 households of Montreal, Canada, where slatted and top/bottom perforated plastic bins were normally loaded and operated by the residents during the summer, while being monitored for temperature, mass loading and compost quality.\nThe laboratory results indicated that bin perforation had a significant impact on compost decomposition: concentrating\nthe perforations at the top and bottom of the bin optimized convective aeration, but concentrated the decomposition at the bin bottom. Weekly mixing and good aeration also helped produce higher compost temperatures. Bulking agent addition retarded the composting process. Compost temperature regime and bin aeration or mixing had little effect on final compost quality and pathogen/parasite counts. For the experiment conducted with 5 households of Montreal, Canada, the best location for the home composter was found to be in a semi-shaded area. Once more, bins with perforations concentrated at their top and bottom produced the highest compost temperatures. Weekly loaded all bins did produce thermophilic temperatures, unless loaded with at least 10 kg of organic waste/week at over 15% DM. Despite compost temperatures seldom reaching thermophilic levels, pathogens were minimized in the final product with good bin aeration fostering a high level of organic waste degradation. To minimize the content of metals and toxic organics in the final product, the feed stock should be clean; the use of back yard herbicides and insecticides should be minimized.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».