Digital currency: prospects and analysis of the market of cryptocurrency exchanges in Russia and foreign countries
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The scant legislative definition of the phenomenon of virtual currencies, the lack of established business circulation and, consequently, the scattered judicial practice, all point to the complexity of understanding the legal status of electronic digital media - digital currency. Since distributed ledger technology is still in its infancy, digital currency users, miners, cryptocurrency exchange owners, tax regulators and policymakers face a number of unresolved issues at the national and international level. It is unlikely that any major economy today would support a cryptocurrency such as bitcoin, which cannot be controlled by a central bank and was created by a secretive cryptographer. Nevertheless, we believe that central banks around the world will launch their own digital currencies, combining the advantages of cryptocurrencies and traditional money. For the future: despite the legislative basis for the fixation of digital currency in Russia, we believe that the further free use and use in civil circulation of cryptocurrency is questionable. Introduction in the near future by the Central Bank of Russia of such a category of object or a type of non-cash money as "digital ruble" practically excludes the free circulation of digital currency. Presumably, that (central bank digital currency, CBDC) or digital ruble will work on the principle of optional means of payment, combining the properties of cash and non-cash funds and subject to issuance by the Bank of Russia in a digital format. The issues related to the legal status of digital rubles today are open and are in the plane of not only civil law, but also constitutional law. The analysis of crypto-exchanges around the world presented in this article reveals one trend - these activities are subject to licensing. For the full development of global financial activities, including the cryptoindustry, the development of competent business legislation on the organizers of trade turnover - crypto-exchanges - with the establishment of general principles of their activities, with the definition of the criteria of these subjects, as well as the content of their actual activities is necessary. To regulate such an institution, a specialized type of licensing is needed, by analogy with fiat money activities, based on the progressive experience of such states as Malta, Estonia, the USA, Canada, Latin America, Switzerland, Japan, etc... Such licensing could be tiered, depending on the volume of cryptocurrency transactions. The creation of strict standardization for any trade, exchange transactions with digital currency would allow Russia to be a full participant in global business. Finally, improving the legal literacy of Russians when participating in exchange activities will raise the status of investment, allow the population to avoid financial risky operations, which will ultimately contribute to the stabilization of the economic situation in the country. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,007 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».