Improving Drilling Efficiency and BHA Reliability Using Hybrid-Mode Telemetry
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Most MWD systems use Mud Pulse (MP) or Electro Magnetic (EM) telemetry. Each telemetry system has very specific applications and limitations due to the governing physics. The Hybrid-Mode Telemetry of MP and EM in one system widens the operational envelope and increases drilling performance covered by a single BHA. This paper discusses the applications and benefits of Hybrid-Mode Telemetry with proven field deployments for both conventional and unconventional drilling. The Hybrid-Mode Telemetry system is designed to operate with either the EM or MP channel, or to use both channels simultaneously and independently. The latter case also supports the parallel transmission of two different data streams. With this flexibility, Hybrid-Mode Telemetry can increase drilling performance significantly through reducing survey time, reducing downlinking time, and increase reliability by having two telemetry channels serving as back up for each other. Furthermore, with a maximum system bandwidth capability of up to 20 bits per second and zero downtime on transmission, the Hybrid-Mode Telemetry technology also enhances data rate for Formation Evaluation, Geosteering, and Automation drilling. Hybrid-Mode Telemetry allows for the EM channel to transmit up to 16 bps, and the Mud Pulser channel up to 3.6 bps. With high data rates of 20 bps, high signal strength, and advanced algorithms capable of reliably decoding signals as low as 0.01 mV (10 times more sensitive than typical industry capabilities of 0.1-0.2mV), the Hybrid-mode Telemetry provides superior data and decoding capabilities for today's land-based drilling markets. Hybrid-Mode Telemetry has been successfully used in conventional wells for more than 10 million feet drilled, mainly in onshore North America and Canada. In comparison with legacy Mud Pulse in the same areas, Hybrid-Mode Telemetry showed on average a 37% reduction in drilling time with Motor BHAs. The drilling time reduction is mainly driven by higher data rate, reduction in stationary survey time, and higher reliability of the entire system – up to 99% operating efficiency. This allowed for optimization of drilling parameters and improved decision-making processes. Field testing of Hybrid-Mode Telemetry with Rotary Steerable BHAs is currently ongoing for unconventional drilling applications at deeper drilling depths, involving more complex well profiles and faster drilling rates compared to Motor drilling wells. While sufficient data for evaluation and conclusion is still to be gathered, the Hybrid-Mode Telemetry is expected to contribute to a gross ROP increase by 15-30%. This paper will present, in detail, techniques observed from field data on how to maximize drilling efficiencies through survey time reduction, flow independent downlinking, and optimized telemetry configurations that increase data rate while drilling. In addition, the paper will also describe drilling applications using Hybrid-Mode Telemetry.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».