After the mine has left
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Mining companies can provide opportunities to enhance the social infrastructure of local communities, but once mines are abandoned, corporate accountability to sustainable development is often neglected. Sipalay is a copper deposit in the southern region of Negros Island, Philippines. Interest in the copper deposits came as early as the 1930s but mining operations did not materialize until the 1950s. Residents who lived to witness the glory days of the mines would recall how “wealthy” their community was. Household income, as some Sipalaynons would claim, more than met their daily needs. The economic activities skyrocketed as the mining operations required more workers to answer the demand for expansion. As a result, the municipality was promoted to city status due to increasing populations and income generated from the mine. The mine provided electric and water services to the barangay; a term used to refer to the smallest administrative division in the Philippines. A school, named after the owner of the mines, was established and scholarships were offered to many. Infrastructure projects, funded by the mining company, were also developed to aid the local government units and nearby community. From a CSR standpoint, the Marinduque Mining and Industrial Corporation (MMIC), later Maricalum Mining Corporation (MMC), is lauded for its provision of social services and infrastructure to local barangays. However, throughout five decades of operation, the municipality has significantly suffered from the damages of numerous mining disasters. These disasters heavily impacted the livelihoods of farmers, yet MMIC/MMC failed to provide just compensation packages. Although the school continued to provide accessible education to the community, electric and water services were cut off when the mines closed, demonstrating that the gains derived from the mining operations were short-lived and unsustainable. It left the municipality with an abandoned mine site that brought about danger to the community, millions in unpaid taxes, and hundreds of unemployed and retrenched workers who remain uncompensated to this day. This chapter discusses the case of the MMIC/MMC operations in Southern Negros, highlighting the mine achievements and failures through the narratives of local interviews. This chapter aims to explore the main issues within MMIC/MMC’s abandoned mine sites and failed CSR efforts.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,008 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,008 | 0,006 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,005 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,125 | 0,038 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».