Does social mobility matter?
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Business, public services and the economy: out of touch and out-performed In 1585, southwest of Greenland, three ships were caught in a gale. The mainmast of the lead ship, the Gabriel , was cracked and the top of the foremast torn off in the screaming winds. One of the ships went down. Men drowned. The gale lasted more than a week. The crew of one of the two remaining vessels mutinied, refused to continue the voyage, and sailed home to London, where they would claim to have seen the Gabriel sink. But the remaining ship carried on, north-west, towards the unmapped Arctic. The captain in charge of the expedition, Martin Frobisher, had been hired by the Cathay Company to sail in search of the North-West Passage, which the company hoped would create a trading route to China via Canada’s north coast. Having endured the loss of a further five men in a dispute with an Inuit tribe, Frobisher did discover a passage leading north-west. He returned to London and was commissioned for a second voyage. A great step forward. Well, not quite. Frobisher wasn’t the first to find that route. He wasn’t even the first non-Inuit to find it. Fishermen were there before him. (As one historian of Arctic exploration put it, they ‘stepped aside long enough to let the gentlemen discover the land, and then went back to fishing.’) Those fishermen could have saved Frobisher the arduous journey. They could also have told him the passage he’d found wasn’t a passage at all, but a 140-mile-long inlet (now called Frobisher Bay) that does not lead to China. Frobisher Bay is a dead end, which had sent sailors to their deaths and the Cathay Company into bankruptcy. Frobisher’s voyage is just one episode in a long history of financial and humanitarian disasters that could have been averted if the ‘establishment’ had been open to people from ‘the lower orders’. But the contributions of common seamen and fishermen ‘were thought by the upper classes not quite appropriate to the developing purposes of science’. Almost half a millennium later, things have changed. But some things haven’t changed as much as we might like to think. In 2005, after repeated safety warnings from workers in a BP refinery were ignored, a leak killed 15 and injured 500, blasted in the explosion or burned as a result of the air having caught fire.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,014 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,006 | 0,006 |
| Communication savante | 0,007 | 0,011 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,042 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».