Want Amidst Plenty: Food Insecurity in Rich Liberal Democracies
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This chapter is about food insecurity, a social problem common across rich liberal democracies. In these countries, food insecurity and hunger are thought of as problems located overseas—surrounded by landscapes scarred by drought or battered by civil war. Countries populated with supermarket aisles brimming with foodstuffs and pizza delivery services are clearly not food insecure. And it’s true: rich liberal democracies are not food insecure countries. Yet the United States of America, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand all share a persistent trend—that a significant minority of their populations suffer food insecurity. A broadly accepted definition is that: • food security exists when there is access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life, where there is at a minimum: a) the ready availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, and b) the assured ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways. Year after year households in wealthy societies, despite being surrounded by readily available and safe foodstuffs, suffer food insecurity. The Problem In some areas, the readily available foods are not nutritionally adequate. These are often called “food deserts.” In many more places, nutritionally adequate foods are available , but are not accessible by those households which are unable to buy them. In rich liberal democracies, the normal and socially acceptable way to acquire food is to purchase it. If a household cannot buy enough food, it is food insecure. If a household does have enough food but someone had to visit a food bank (food pantry), a dumpster, or a community kitchen to get that food, it is food insecure. A household is also food insecure if they are not confident that they will be able to get enough nutritious food in the near future. These criteria may appear to offer a low bar for qualification as food insecure, but it is not unreasonable to expect that citizens in rich liberal democracies should be able to live without the fear that they will be unable to get enough nutritious food to eat. A portion of the population in “first-world” countries brimming with food should not consistently have difficulty in accessing food.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,013 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».