Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The relevance of this article is determined by the desirability and even, speaking more directly, the need for a further, more source-based, expanded and theoretically grounded study of the role of the Kalmyk Khanate in Russia’s eastern policy, especially in the eighteenth century, when the khanate was at its peak. This is important not only for the history of the Kalmyk people proper, but also for studying and highlighting the participation of the peoples that were part of Russia in its foreign policy activities in this or that period. The aim of the article is to examine the relations of the Kazakhs and the Kalmyks in the third quarter of the 18th century, based on new materials from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire and the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. The scientific novelty of the work consists in a detailed tracing of the connection of the Kalmyk Khanate with the neighboring nations and states in the east, mainly with Kazakh zhuzes, which did not contradict the interests of Russia in these regions. In the 1760s. relations between the Kalmyks and the Yuzhny Zhuz suddenly began to worsen. The Kazakhs were guided in their actions by their own goals. Speaking about the regional situation, its role was determined by the available opportunities, and they were quite modest, which made Kazakh khans turn to a strong external ally for protection. The Russian state for them in this regard was quite profitable. The author infers that, in the second half of the 18th century. the situation in the Kalmyk-Chinese relations changed, which was due to the attack of the Qing Empire on the Dzungar Khanate. The rebellion of Amursana demonstrated the reluctance of the Dzhungar people to endure Chinese domination, which was the reason for the Chinese court to get rid of the discontented. Another pilgrimage mission reminded China that there was another branch of the Dzungar people. The nomadic system of the Kalmyk economy, their courage and the ability to travel long distances in a matter of hours could serve both for protecting the interests of the Qing Empire and for opposing them. Everything was determined by the extent to which Beijing could control the migration process. Therefore, the Qing used a certain psychological effect on the Kalmyks, prompting them to leave Russia. The author concludes that, politically, the role of the Kazakh Khanate in the development of the situation in Central Asia was not decisive.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,006 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».