Impact of Beliefs About Local Physician Supply and Self-Rated Health on Willingness to See a Nurse Practitioner During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Web-Based Survey and Experiment
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic overburdened primary care clinicians. For nurse practitioners (NPs) to alleviate the burden, the public must be willing to see an NP over a physician. Those with poor health tended to continue seeking care during the pandemic, suggesting that they may be willing to see an NP. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the public's willingness to see an NP for primary care and how this may be associated with their beliefs about the local supply of physicians and self-rated health. Two studies were conducted: (1) a survey to identify correlations and (2) an experiment to assess how willingness is dependent on information about the local supply of physicians. METHODS: The survey and experiment were conducted digitally in April and December 2020, respectively. Participants were US adults recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform. The key independent variables were self-rated health, which was a dichotomized 5-point scale (excellent, very good, good vs fair, and poor), and beliefs about local physician supply. The survey measured beliefs about local physician supply, while the experiment manipulated beliefs by altering information the participants read about the local supply of physicians. Willingness to see an NP was assessed in 2 ways. First as an overall preference over a physician and the second as a preference given 2 clinically significant scenarios in which participants imagined they were experiencing either coughing or a headache (presentation order randomized). Multiple regressions and ANOVAs were used to assess how beliefs about the local physician supply and self-rated health were associated with overall willingness to see an NP. Bivariate probits simultaneously estimated willingness to see an NP in the 2 clinically significant scenarios. RESULTS: The survey showed that concerns about physician supply were associated with lower willingness to see an NP among respondents with comparatively better health but a greater willingness among respondents with comparatively worse health. The experiment suggests that only the latter is causal. For the 2 clinically significant scenarios, these patterns appeared for the coughing scenario in the survey and the headache scenario in the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: US adults with comparatively worse self-rated health become more willing to see an NP for primary care when they hear information that raises their concerns about the local physician supply. The differences between the survey and experiment results may be useful for interpreting findings from future studies. Findings may aid in managing finite health care resources during public health crises and crafting successful messaging by NP advocacy groups. Efforts to address nursing shortages will also be needed.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,013 | 0,028 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,008 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».