Chapter Two. Early Sufi Communities in Canada

The Sufi Order International (now Inayati Order) is one of the oldest Sufi communities in the west.At the turn of the twentieth century, Inayat Khan founded communities in western Europe and initiated students in America, who would continue his legacy.Little has been written about the Sufi Order International (now Inayati Order) and other organizations with Canadian branches, like the International Sufi Movement.Inayat Khan never visited Canada (from what we know); it is through his sons and their students' visits that his teachings reached Canada.This was just the beginning: many other Sufi teachers later established centres and communities in Canada.This country presented a significant opportunity for Sufi teachers, who viewed its vast hinterlands as fertile ground for Sufism and spirituality.This chapter maps the history of some early Sufi communities in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal.The history and practices of some early Sufi communities in Canada, such as the Inayati Order, are presented here for the first time.The history I chart is based on data collected from semi-structured interviews with community members and leaders (shaykhs/shaykhas) of various Sufi groups; this is complemented by archival research as well as references to memoirs, especially of Sufi leaders in the US who were tied to the same Sufi teachers, such as Suleyman Loras (d.1985).This chapter is not meant to be a comprehensive historical survey of Sufi communities and movements in any one city or in Canada.Rather, it presents some initial institutional patterns of Sufism in some Canadian cities as a means to frame the discussion of the complex legacies and praxis that surround Rumi in Canada, which later chapters will explore closely.My discussion of Sufi communities in Canada here is framed around two broad trends.First, these communities arose from a predominately North American base, established by teachers from Muslim or Sufi lineages who wanted to found Sufi and spiritual centres in Canada.This trajectory was key to Sufism's growth on Canada's west coast, as evident in the development of the Vancouver Rumi Society.Second, the Sufi communities which emerged in the Chapter TwoEarly Sufi Communities in Canada

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