CD155 Is a Potential Biomarker in Basal Cell Carcinoma
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
To the Editor: I am writing to submit a letter regarding the potentially important role of CD155 in basal cell carcinoma (BCC). CD155 has been found to play important roles in cancer and immunological fields. CD155, formerly identified as the poliovirus receptor and later as part of the nectin and nectin-like family,1 is a surface protein expressed mostly on normal and transformed malignant cells. Although CD155 is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, many human tumors significantly upregulate its expression. Notably, the expression of CD155 has been found to be elevated across many types of cancer.2 Interestingly, the protein uses an alternative splicing mechanism, producing 4 isoforms, 2 being soluble (CD155β and CD155γ) and 2 being transmembrane protein (CD155α and CD155δ).3 Human tissues also express soluble isoforms of CD155 (sCD155) that lack the transmembrane region. Recent studies have shown that sCD155 levels are significantly higher in the sera of patients with cancer than in healthy donors, suggesting that sCD155 may serve as a potential biomarker for cancer development and progression.4 The role of CD155 is multifaceted, involving the following 3 receptors: DNAM-1, CD96, and TIGIT. Interestingly, whereas DNAM-1 activates the cytotoxic activity of T cells against tumors, TIGIT suppresses the cytotoxic activity of T cells against CD155-expressing tumor cells. However, TIGIT inhibits the function of DNAM-1. Consequently, the overall balance seems to favor TIGIT and the subsequent suppression of antitumor immunity.5 This intricate interplay between CD155 and its receptors underscores the complexity of immune regulation within the tumor microenvironment. The TIGIT–CD155 pathway is a novel MHC-I–independent education mechanism for cell tolerance and inactivation of NK and T-cell receptor-mediated signaling, making it an important and emergent immune checkpoint (Fig. 1).6FIGURE 1.: The role of TIGIT as an immune checkpoint in the tumor microenvironment. The image shows TIGIT in addition to other common immune checkpoints. TIGIT serves as a ligand that binds to its receptor, CD155, thereby inhibiting the antitumor activities of T cells and allowing cancer cells to proliferate, survive, and escape immune detection. Created with BioRender.It has been found that the expression of the protein CD155 is determined by components of the Sonic hedgehog pathway (SHH) (Fig. 2),7 and the Ras–MEK–ERK pathway,8 which have been associated with the canonical and noncanonical SHH pathways, respectively. Overactivation of SHH (canonical and noncanonical) pathways drives BCC oncogenesis.9 Altogether, evidence suggests that CD155 would be augmented in the BCC serum of patients. Preliminary data from a study conducted in our institution showed that sCD155 levels are statistically significantly elevated in patients with BCC compared with healthy controls.FIGURE 2.: The Hedgehog signaling pathway (SHH) is shown in the diagram. (Left) Under normal conditions, PTCH1 inhibits SMO and no signals are sent to the nucleus to promote transcription. (Right) However, in the presence of either its ligand SHH or mutated PTCH1, SMO is derepressed and can activate SUFU/GLI1, promoting the transcription of target genes, including CD155. Created with BioRender.Given the importance of immune checkpoints in cancer and the emerging evidence surrounding the role of CD155 in skin cancer, future studies should investigate the potential of CD155 as a biomarker of BCC. Thus, a comprehensive investigation into the potential interaction between SHH and CD155, as well as whether CD155 plays a role alongside SHH in the oncogenesis of BCC, has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of this cancer. These research endeavors have the potential to improve patient diagnosis and follow-up strategies, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes. Thank you for considering my comments. Sincerely, Jesús Iván Martínez Ortega.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».