Notice bibliographique
Résumé
G rasslands are not easy to know. Massively transformed in the short span of ten to fi fteen decades, North American grasslands challenge ecologists, who have had little time to understand their "original ecology and function." 1 Contemplated from afar, "they are almost featureless, a horizontal, double-stitched seam between earth and sky. Moving up close is equally challenging. By the time the infi nitely narrow, windblown stems and leaves come into focus, all larger perspective is lost." 2 So mused Don Gayton -a student of western Canadian landscapes whose collection of lyrical essays exploring the transformation of the prairies, titled Th e Wheatgrass Mechanism, won him a reputation as a writer with "the eye of a scientist and the soul of a poet" -as he contemplated Spirit in the Grass, a coff ee-table book on the Cariboo-Chilcotin region of British Columbia. 3 Th e photographer's challenges are real. Every "shot" encapsulates a series of decisions: which lens to use; where to direct it; when, in what light, to press the trigger. Every image is composed and framed, as a close-up, a long shot, a view of the middle distance. But are grasslands more diffi cult to encapsulate than other landscapes? Rugged snow-capped mountain peaks, the impressively broad and soaring trunks of old-growth rainforest, rugged shorelines -the classic images associated with western Canada's parks and protected areas, and beloved of tourists and camera buff s -are not typical of these areas. 4 But does the photographer out on the range really face a stark choice between uninteresting depictions of a horizontal world and myopic close-ups of ground-hugging vegetation? Although Gayton suggests as much, he praises photographer Chris Harris xii Foreword for images that focus on the "broader landscape," a sort of middle ground that is certainly not without its charms. Harris "feasts," observes Gayton in one telling phrase, "on the contrasts of the velvet-textured grasslands as they press against the jagged bareness of the cliff s"; in another similarly evocative sentence, Gayton marks the scale and grandeur of an image by noting the presence of two hikers, tiny fi gures "in the tawny, contoured grassland expanse of Churn Flats ... like two insignifi cant ticks on the broad, muscular back of some huge animal at rest." 5 Yet, Harris's pages include close-up studies of birds and butterfl ies, and stems of bunchgrass backlit by the burning orb of the sun dominate his book's arresting cover. Eff ective photographic essays -and the most reverberant coff ee-table books -usually encompass a range of scales. Th ey are grounded in detail: they depend upon their materiality, upon their capacity to make things recognizable, imaginable, real. But they cannot stay there alone. To be eff ective they must move beyond the myopic close-up and attend to wider horizons, both actual and fi gurative. Sweeping vistas and wide perspectives are essential complements to tightly focused imagery. Th ey allow viewers to "place" or fi nd larger meaning in the specifi cs.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».