Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This article analyzes the content of the concept of New Public Management, abbreviated NPM, which was developed in the 1980s and 1990s in response to the need to improve the efficiency of the management of State structures, in particular in leading countries – the USA, Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the Netherlands. Special attention was paid to the core principles and mechanisms of the New Public Management concept. The essence of the following principles is revealed: customer orientation, effectiveness and efficiency, manageability. The concept of NPM comes from the idea that public organizations should operate on the basis of a business approach, using strategies and tools that are successfully applied in the private sector. In addition to customer orientation, the concept of NPM includes the principle of effectiveness and efficiency. According to this principle, public organizations should be aimed at achieving measurable results, as well as using resources efficiently. Mechanisms such as decentralization, contract management, quality management and participatory budgeting are implemented to achieve these goals. Decentralization is one of the key mechanisms of the NPM concept, which consists of deconcentration, devolution and delegation. The article analyzes all three types with different approaches to the redistribution of powers and responsibilities, both between the central and lower levels of public administration, and within the same horizon. The method of transfer of powers analyzed in the article promotes greater flexibility and speed of response to customer needs and ensures greater responsibility of local authorities. The next important mechanism of the «New Public Management» concept, which is analyzed in the article, is contract management, which involves concluding contracts between state organizations and their clients. It was determined that contract management contributes to ensuring the quality of the provided services and stimulates the effective use of budget resources. Another important mechanism that is important in the private sector and should be implemented in the public sector is the quality management mechanism. The quality management mechanism involves the application of a quality management system that allows monitoring and improving the quality of the services provided. The introduction of KPI indicators will provide an opportunity to more efficiently meet the needs of consumers of public services and increase trust in public organizations. Participatory budgeting is a mechanism that involves the general public, both at the state and local levels, in the decision-making process and the allocation of budgetary resources. Such a mechanism for determining and distributing budget funds will contribute to greater transparency and openness of public management, as well as provide an opportunity for the public to influence decision-making that really concerns their needs and interests. The last mechanism that has been explored within the NPM concept is e-government. This mechanism allows the use of information and communication technologies to improve management processes and provide services to citizens. E-government facilitates the convenience and speed of interaction between state bodies and citizens, and also increases the level of accessibility and quality of public services. In the conclusion, the author indicated which mechanisms need improvement and/or implementation in the public sector of Ukraine.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,005 | 0,029 |
| Communication savante | 0,013 | 0,016 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,007 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,004 | 0,006 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».