Book Review: <i>Autonorama – The Illusory Promise of High-Tech Driving</i> by Peter Norton
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
With transportation deeply implicated in the human environmental footprint, urban mobility arrangements have emerged as the focus of much scholarly interest.In this light, the continuing dependence on the personal automobile has been a key conundrum egging on much of this curiosity.American historians (of different convictions) have been notably at the forefront of a critical examination of the deep entrenching of the automobile in USA.The overwhelming dependence on the automobile in USA, according to its many interlocutors, is visible in how cities were reshaped in playing host to the automobile 1 ; is a facet of widespread environmental terra-forming 2 ; is entangled within deep cultural strains 3 ; is an outcome of strategies by automotive interests to re-shape streets. 4While the particular instances of how automobile dependence in America was wrought is novel, the storyline in each of these above examples is familiarthe mobility constellation surrounding the automobile has instantiated a vast and formidable engine of transformation through which dependence on the automobile became embroiled in multiple social, cultural, and environmental layers.Peter Norton in his latest offering marks a refreshing break from this well-trod originary narrative of American automobility and adopts conceptual and methodological directions to articulate a novel argumenthow is automobile dependence sustained in America over time and what are the conceptual threads that allow us to grasp the perpetuation of this dependence.For Norton, the story of continuing automobile dependence is inseparable from its periodic renewal effected by the seemingly infallible promise that technological advances offer to engineer congestion-free and safe urban travel.A key conceptual device that embeds this promise of technology is the technofuturistic vision.Spanning a period of about 80 years from the circa 1940 to 2015, Norton distinguishes four episodes (each separated by 25 years) when technofuturistic visions were evoked, modelled, demonstrated, and deployed to maintain the dominance of the automobile.Each of these visions reified as dioramas at major public exhibitions employed spectacle to convince consumers that technological advances of the time would usher in a desirable future of urban mobility.Referred to as futuramas, they "depict utopian futures of about twenty years hence: soon enough to be relevant to consumers, but sufficiently distant to avert distrust and disillusionment when reality disappointedas it always did" (p.37).The four futuramas depicted 1 Clay McShane,
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,009 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».