Michael James (1940–2023)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Michael James liked to tell a story from his childhood when he was fascinated by rockets and their propellants.After walking over to the local branch of Canadian Liquid Air in Winnipeg he asked for some liquid oxygen.'Sure, kid' they said, and put some in his bucket.(Attitudes to health and safety were different in those days.)As he walked home, he realized that liquid oxygen boils pretty quickly, so he ran the last part of the way and carried the rapidly emptying bucket into the basement.There was only a bit left and there wasn't time to do anything fancy, so he splashed in some methanol to make a lox/alcohol propellant and tossed in a match.When he picked himself up from where he had been thrown by the explosion, he heard picture frames crashing down upstairs and his mother shouting 'Michael, what have you done this time?'.He never lost this childhood enthusiasm for science (though his experiments became less dangerous) and was active in research until the end of his life.Michael James was born in Vancouver and grew up in Winnipeg, Manitoba on the Canadian prairies.After high school, he studied chemistry at the local University of Manitoba, where he was excited to learn that it was possible to see the 3D structures of molecules using X-ray crystallography.Aiming to get the best possible background for a future working in this area, he applied to do a DPhil at Oxford with Dorothy Hodgkin in 1963.It was a time of great advances in crystallography, with Dorothy about to win the Nobel Prize for her ground-breaking structures of penicillin and vitamin B 12 , and the first protein structures having recently been determined in Cambridge.Michael's thesis project was to determine structures of antibiotic peptides.While there, he was exposed to protein crystallography through the work going on at the same time to determine the 3D structure of insulin.After completing his DPhil in 1966, Michael took a postdoctoral position determining small-molecule structures in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada.He remained at the University of Alberta for the rest of his life.However, his career took a quick turn when he learned that the Biochemistry Department was seeking to set up a protein crystallography laboratory.With his move to
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,238 | 0,171 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».