Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This was a memorable year for international environmental law-making.While the COVID-19 pandemic continued to pose challenges, the largest wave of postponed meetings was over, and nations took significant steps forward in addressing some of the most pressing global environmental problems.Progress was seen in regard to international efforts to deal with the biodiversity crisis and plastic pollution, in particular.From the perspective of Finland, the biggest transboundary policy efforts this year were made with respect to biodiversity and climate change.In the area of biodiversity, the postponed second phase of the fifteenth Conference of the Parties (COP-15) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was held in Montreal in December.The main focus of COP-15 was to find an agreement on the common goals, objectives, and measures of countries to halt global biodiversity loss.Together with the European Union (EU), Finland aimed for concrete and quantitative global biodiversity targets.The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to halt biodiversity loss by 2030 was adopted at the Conference.This includes targets to protect 30 percent of the world's terrestrial and inland water and of coastal and marine areas and to restore at least 30 percent of degraded terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by 2030.The Finnish minister of the environment and climate change (MoE), Maria Ohisalo, compared these commitments to the role of the Paris Agreement in combatting the climate crisis.To ensure proper implementation of the agreed-on goals, Finland and the EU aimed for a strong monitoring mechanism to track the progress of actions taken under the agreement.To this end, a set of indicators common to all nations, to be supplemented nationally, was adopted at the COP.Parties also decided to establish a new fund under the Global Environment Facility to finance biodiversity measures.Finland stressed the need for funds from private sources to complement public funding for biodiversity protection.COP-27 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, in November.The main tangible outcome of the COP was the establishment of a new fund to assist parties in the face of damage caused by climate change.However, few other means to accelerate action to tackle climate change were produced.Finland, along with many other nations, was disappointed at the results: 'The decisions made do not reflect the urgency of the need to reduce emissions,' said Minister Ohisalo after the Conference.Finland and the EU advocated for stricter and faster emissions limitations from parties, but these did not receive sufficient support.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,010 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».