The Potash Identification (PID) Plot: A Rapid Screening Crossplot for Discrimination of Commercial Potash
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Potash minerals are the primary source of potassium (K), which is used for the manufacture of gunpowder, fertilizer, and as a sodium-seasoning substitute. Commercial potash minerals are all evaporites. Because potassium-40 (40K) is radioactive (decaying to argon-40 (40Ar) and releasing a gamma ray (GR) in the process), commercial potash mineralization is often discovered when GR (γ ray) logs in petroleum wells drilled through evaporite sequences “go off scale.” However, not all potash minerals may be commercial sources of potassium via underground mining techniques, and potassium is not the only radioactive element. For example, the mineralogy of the McNutt “potash” Member of the Salado Formation in southeast (SE) New Mexico is extremely complex, consisting of multiple thin (i.e., less than 10 ft thick) beds of six low-grade (radioactive) potash minerals, only two of which are commercial for underground mining. There are also four nonradioactive evaporite minerals, one of which may interfere with potash milling chemistry and numerous claystones and marker beds (shales and/or volcanics), with GR count rates comparable to the low-grade potash mineralization in this sequence. Because of this complexity, traditional borehole wireline (WL) and logging-while-drilling (LWD) potash assay techniques, such as GR log-to-core assay transforms, may not be sufficient to identify potentially commercial potash mineralization for underground mining (Teufel, 2008) in SE New Mexico. Crain and Anderson (1966) and Hill (2019) developed linear programming and multimineral analyses, respectively, to estimate potash mineralogy and grades from multiple borehole geophysical measurements. However, both of these approaches require large sets of multiple log measurements. In SE New Mexico, petroleum wells are drilled through the Salado Formation evaporite (including the McNutt “potash” Member) with air, then cased and cemented in place without running WL measurements. Then, the wells are drilled out to total depth (TD) in the underlying sediments with water-based mud. Complete log suites are run from TD to the casing shoe, with only the GR and neutron logs recorded through the cased evaporite sequence for stratigraphic and structural correlation. As a result, essentially all recent oil and gas wells in SE New Mexico have casedhole gamma ray and neutron logs through the Salado evaporite. Hill and Crain (2020) developed a simple crossplot involving only GR and neutron log data, which could discriminate between anhydrous and hydrated potassium evaporite minerals. Logs from these wells could provide a rapid potash screening database if used properly. This technique can be used with both openhole and casedhole petroleum well logs, as well as corehole WL logs, and provides discrimination of commercial potash mineralization from noncommercial (potash and non-potash) radioactive mineralization. Case histories of the use of PID crossplots in evaporite basins of Michigan, Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan, and SE New Mexico are described. This technique may also be useful in screening potential potash deposits elsewhere in the world.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
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| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,006 | 0,001 |
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| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
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