Mitigating Gas Migration Using Foamed Cement on Shallow Thermal Wells in Northeast Alberta
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract A foamed cement solution was designed and implemented to cement shallow intermediate casing strings in a heavy oil play in Northeast Alberta after conventional area-specific cementing solutions could not prevent surface casing vent flows. Analysis of the challenging well parameters that led to flowing gas identified why conventional solutions were not able to solve the issues. Foamed cement was pursued as a better technical solution and ultimately led to its successful placement in the field. The two primary challenges for cementing these wells was first ensuring full cement annular coverage around the pipe in a large hole that was deviated at 45° right from surface, and secondly to prevent gas flow through optimization of slurry compressibility, gel strength and viscosity as very little hydrostatic pressure and low well temperatures were present. The process of introducing foamed cement involved lab testing to obtain desired cement properties, computer simulations to verify expected pressures and calculate nitrogen concentrations for each section of the wellbore, and finally operational procedures to ensure jobs were completed successfully. Analysis of the conventional job design methodology and the results in the field that continually led to well failures will be described. The advantages of foam cementing will be reviewed leading to the new project design consisting of lab testing and simulation outputs. Next, the foam job design procedure was created to ensure rates and pressures would be sufficient to place the cement effectively while not inducing losses due to the higher viscosity of foamed cement and relatively low fracture gradient. Several cement jobs were analyzed for key success metrics during the pumping phase, including observations and challenges with areas for future improvement. Results of conventional cemented wells will be compared to those cemented with foamed cement looking at economics, operational complexity and ultimately well integrity. Several key conclusions are made to suggest foam cementing solutions should become a standard practice in the area and not remain a last resort. This project introduced foam cementing to very shallow thermal wells which have not typically been treated with foamed cement. Significant technical & operational hurdles were overcome to confirm proper well control and ensure the energized cement could be pumped safely and effectively. The resulting key learnings and suggested best practices will be shared.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».