Challenges and Prospects of the Independent Labour Movement in Post-Crisis Belarus
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In Belarus there has been an increase in mass arrests of workers in various companies in the past few months of this year.These arrests have been carried out directly in workplaces.Law enforcement agencies have carried out demonstrative special operations in cities such as Gomel, Novopolotsk, Novogrudok, Slutsk and others.The arrests of about ten workers at the Nioman glass factory in the city of Berezovka a month ago stand out for the particular cruelty with which they were carried out.Law enforcement officers took the workers out of the workshops, surrounded by armed special forces, and handcuffed them (Salidarnast Website, 2023).The arrests of dissidents in Belarus take the form of a veritable public spectacle, as if it were the arrest of members of an extremist network or activists of a terrorist organisation.The workers are beaten, forced to lie face down on the asphalt with their neck and head pressed with a knee.Everything that happens is recorded on video by the special services.Afterwards, these videos are disseminated through the Telegram channels of the relevant authorities, which also show videos of interrogations of detainees, who are usually beaten and humiliated, and badgered to confess.The authoritarian Belarusian regime has persecuted its opponents before.They were summoned to police interrogation or subjected to individual intimidating talks without witnesses.As a rule, such individuals received warnings or fines, and administrative arrest was considered an exception.However, from August 2020, after falsified presidential elections and the subsequent protests, the situation changed dramatically.Lukashenka's regime demonstrated its power and control over the situation in the country.The authorities' disregard for the COVID-19 epidemic, economic stagnation in the country, and extreme brutality in suppressing protests against the August 2020 election fraud led to mass protests throughout Belarus.According to some reports, about one million citizens participated in them from August to October 2020.The protesters were also supported by the workers in large enterprises.Spontaneous gatherings of workers demanding new elections took place in Minsk, Navapolatsk, Hrodna, Zhlobin, Zhodzina and other cities.But despite the mass of labour protests across the country, strikes remained rare.Only workers at Belaruskali -the fourth biggest global producer of potash and one of the biggest state owned companies in Belarus -resorted to drastic measures in the form of a strike.Following an ultimatum to the general director of Belaruskali in Salihorsk, workers at the largest mining and chemical company halted production.Strike committees were formed at all ore-processing plants, and political demands were made of the administration.These included the resignation of the incumbent president and new transparent elections (Salidarnast website, 2023).The strike in Salihorsk was the only one officially recorded during the protests of August 2020.Many labour collectives and strike committees of Hrodna, Minsk, Zhlobin, Navapolatsk announced their readiness to start strikes, but overestimated their capabilities and underestimated
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,013 | 0,011 |
| Communication savante | 0,007 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,011 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,015 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».