Significant inequalities in the cost of food for households with children in Israel in 2018
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Background Dietary guidelines for families with children are designed to reach the Dietary Recommended Intake. However, the cost of a healthy diet and the extent to which families can afford it in Israel is unclear. Methods The distribution of ages and the number of children per household in Israel in 2018 was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. Food prices were purchased from the commercial company Stornext. The cost of the recommended food items in the healthy diet for adults and children was calculated using standard food portions and meal frequency as well as a percentage of the household's net income. The proportion of households for which food expenditures exceed 15% of the net income was calculated by income quintiles, followed by changes in food prices during 2018. Results The average daily cost of a healthy diet was 35.51±7.7 new Israeli shekels (NIS). The older the individual, the more food costs increase. The ratio between the average cost of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and two intermediate meals was 1.5:3.4:1.2:1, respectively. The median monthly dietary cost for households with children as a percentage of net income was 20%. There was an inverse association with socioeconomic status (SES) as the median monthly food expenses for the first (lowest) quintile was 55% of the household's income and only 9.3% of the 5th (highest) income quintile. The food group that composed the highest component of the food budget was the vegetable group, with an average cost of 29% monthly, followed by the meat and meat substitutes group (19%). Discussions Policymakers should consider steps to decrease health inequality in food affordability targeting the three middle-lower income quintiles. The cost of a healthy diet compared with food expenditure in high-income countries was 1.8 higher in Israel. Our findings indicate that expanding the program to provide school lunches five days a week to more students would reduce household food expenditures by 15%. Key messages • Households with children in Israel would need to spend 20% of their net income to meet dietary guidelines. • Significant gaps by income quintile, number of children, and food group were identified.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».