Sports and Tertiary Crime Prevention: Desistance from Crime
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
At the tertiary level of crime prevention, the goal of interventions is to prevent recidivism or support desistance from crime. In that context, sport-based programmes either in the community or in a correctional setting are sometimes proposed as a means to contribute to the rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders. However, there are still very few such programmes for young offenders, whether in the community or in institutions. For instance, there was not a single sport-based programme for convicted young offenders among those we reviewed in British Columbia. Despite the fact that sport-based programmes targeting known young offenders remain a rarity and that their crime prevention outcomes have never been properly evaluated, these programmes have nevertheless been declared ‘promising’ (Meek, 2020). Without necessarily disputing that premature conclusion, it is important to realize that the promise in question remains largely theoretical. Some preliminary research has attempted to link sport-based interventions and offenders’ desistance from crime. However, at this point, the effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts through sport remains uncertain (Meek, 2012, 2014, 2018; Meek, Champion, and Klier, 2012; Lewis and Meek, 2012; Gallant, Sherry, and Nicholson, 2015; Meek and Lewis, 2014a, 2014b; Parker, Meek, and Lewis, 2014; Sempé, 2018; Psychou et al, 2019). There are still many unanswered questions around whether these sport-based crime prevention programmes (whether administered in the system or in the community) can aid in desistance from crime and how this process works. Supporting desistance It is important to understand the process of change that tertiary crime prevention programmes are trying to support. That process is perhaps best described as ‘desistance from crime’. The importance of understanding that process is well recognized within criminal career research which tries to account for the onset of, maintenance of, and desistance from criminal behaviour. However, despite its importance to the criminal career paradigm, desistance is relatively understudied in criminology (Lussier, McCuish, and Corrado, 2015). Several desistance studies are relevant to the topic of sports and crime prevention. The best-known among them was Laub and Sampson's (2003) ground-breaking multiple-wave longitudinal study on 500 male delinquents from Boston. The study was based on an impressive dataset that stretched over 40 years, with interviews conducted at various points throughout many of the offenders’ lives.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,244 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».