Stabilization of Carbon Dioxide Foam by a Low Concentration of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide-Grafted Nano-Faujasite Zeolite. Part 1: Experimental Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In this work, we are introducing an innovative technique to enhance the CO 2 foam stability by using a nanofoam stabilizer that reduces the surfactant concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The core structure of our foam stabilizer consists of faujasite zeolite nanoparticles (FAU) that are grafted with cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The prepared nanomaterials were fully characterized by an array of characterization techniques to gain insight into their surface properties and stability. Then, the foamability and foam stabilization properties of the CTAB, compared with the physically mixed CTAB and neat FAU nanoparticles, and CTAB-grafted FAU nanoparticle systems were evaluated at various surfactant concentrations based on initial foam volume, half-life, liquid holdup, surface shear viscosity, and bubble sizes. Furthermore, the CO 2 foam stabilization mechanisms of all foaming agents were investigated by the dilational surface tension. Our results indicated that the CTAB-grafted FAU nanoparticles were able to stabilize the liquid films of CO 2 foam at low surfactant concentrations via surfactant coverage on the surface of nanoparticles, which optimized the viscoelastic and surface tension properties of CO 2 foam. In fact, below the CMC of CTAB (∼335 ppm), the initial foam volume and half-life remained constant after the addition of the FAU nanoparticles, whereas the foam properties were highly enhanced above the CMC (350–3000 ppm). Our foam stabilization results showed that the optimum stable CO 2 foam was generated by CTAB-grafted FAU nanoparticles at a concentration of 1000 ppm (∼500 ppm grafted CTAB), which had a half-life of 773 s, in contrast to the other systems that had a half-life of less than 350 s at 500 ppm CTAB concentration. The surface tension results showed that grafting 50 and 100 ppm CTAB on FAU nanoparticles resulted in 60.20 and 51.52 mN/m initial dynamic surface tension measurements, whereas the virgin CTAB solutions at the same surfactant concentrations had initial dynamic surface tensions of 69.78 and 60.44 mN/m, respectively. On the other hand, at a surfactant concentration of 50 ppm (100 ppm CTAB-FAU nanoparticles), the viscoelastic modulus was almost identical to the viscoelastic modulus measurement at the CMC of CTAB. Interestingly, the CTAB-grafted FAU nanoparticles, compared with the other systems, had almost 1.5–4 times higher liquid holdup and formed smaller and homogeneous bubble sizes during the first 360 s. Hence, the CTAB-grafted FAU nanoparticles could retard the foam destabilization mechanisms, including foam bubble coalescence and ripening effects, due to their ability to maximize the viscoelastic modulus and reduce the surface tension at these low surfactant concentrations. Our findings can provide an economical solution for implementing conventional CO 2 foams in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications while hindering the agglomeration of nanoparticles.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».