191 Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Fecal Metabolites, and Feces Quality of Pulse-Based Vegan Dog Foods with Or Without Added Enzymes in Adult Dogs and Comparison to Digestibility from a Pig Model
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Consumer demand for vegetarian and vegan dog foods is increasing. These specialty diets may rely on alternative plant-based protein sources such as pulses and pulse protein concentrates instead of animal protein to meet amino acid (AA) requirements. Pulses such as field pea and lentil contain more protein than cereal grains, but also contain anti-nutritional factors (ANF) such as phytate and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) that have the potential to reduce nutrient digestibility. The objectives were 1) to determine if the addition of enzymes before or after extrusion would increase apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of pulse-based extruded vegan dog foods; and 2) to compare ATTD of nutrients and gross energy (GE) between dogs and growing pigs fed the same diets. Two formulations were created: low protein (Low) containing 24% crude protein (CP) including 35% field pea flour and 15% lentil flour, and high protein (High) containing 43% CP including 50% pea protein concentrate and 20% lentil protein concentrate. Each formulation was used to prepare 3 diets: control without enzymes (Con), with enzymes added before extrusion (P; X-115 single screw; Wenger, Sabetha, KS) or enzymes added after extrusion (A) for a total of 6 diets. The enzyme blend contained cellulase (480,000 or 510,000 U/kg of diet), xylanase (360,000 or 680,000 U/kg), protease (960,000 or 1,360,000 U/kg), and phytase (12,000 or 17,000 U/kg) for Low and High diets, respectively. Following extrusion, kibbles were ground and 0.5% TiO2 was added to diets. Ten mix breed adult dogs (1.5 - 2yrs; 21-29 kg BW) were fed in a 6 × 6 replicated incomplete Latin square with 10-d periods. Feces were collected during the last 4-d of each period. The ATTD of organic matter (OM) and CP ranged from 77.7 to 86.3% and 74.6 to 87.8%, respectively. The ATTD of OM, CP, crude fat, GE, and ash did not differ between A and Con diets. Feces concentrations of glucose, xylose, acetic and propionic acid was greater (P < 0.05) for A than Con diets, indicating that enzymes hydrolyzed some IDF that was subsequently fermented by gut microbes. Addition of enzymes after extrusion increased (P < 0.05) feces moisture by 1.5% causing loose stools. Addition of enzymes before extrusion reduced (P < 0.05) ATTD of CP due to overheating during drying after wet enzyme processing. The ATTD of nutrients was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs than dogs; Nevertheless, could be a good predictor (R2 = 0.74 - 0.87) for ATTD of OM, CP, and GE. In conclusion, enzyme addition after extrusion did not increase ATTD for the dogs but did impact feces metabolites and fecal quality. Finally, pigs are a good translational model for testing ATTD of dog foods.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».