PSXI-12 In Vitro Assessment of Binding Agents as an Alternative to Activated Charcoal for the Prevention of Boar Taint
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Résumé
Abstract Boar taint is an off odor and flavor that occurs once meat from uncastrated male pigs is heated, and results from the deposition of androstenone in the fat. Androstenone circulates between the liver and gut via the enterohepatic circulation, where it can be recirculated back to the liver or deposited in the fat. Previous studies from our lab have demonstrated that adding activated charcoal (AC) to feed is effective at disrupting enterohepatic circulation and preventing boar taint; however, AC is expensive and currently not approved for use as a feed additive. Spent filter aid (SFA) is a byproduct of corn syrup production, contains up to 33% diatomaceous earth (DE), and can be used as an energy source. DE and biochar have been used to bind toxins in the gastrointestinal tract and have a high surface area and porosity like that of AC. Additionally, biochar is approved and used as a feed additive in cattle production, and both biochar and SFA are available at a much lower cost. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the androstenone binding efficiency of SFA and biochar in vitro to assess their suitability as potential dietary treatments for preventing boar taint. AC, biochar and SFA were incubated for 30 minutes at 37℃ with radiolabeled androstenone, estrone sulphate (E1S), or estrone (E1) dissolved in buffer. Following incubation, the unbound radioactive steroid fraction was quantified using a scintillation counter and binding efficiency was calculated using a modified Michaelis-Menten equation. Statistical analysis was conducted with a 2-way ANOVA in SAS with Tukey-Kramer’s post hoc test. The binding efficiency (Bmax/K) of AC was greater than both biochar (P < 0.0001) and SFA (P < 0.0001). However, the maximum binding (Bmax) of androstenone by AC (97.30% ± 0.44) was 13% greater than that of biochar (84.53% ± 0.79) and nearly double that of SFA (50.50% ± 0.22). Of the binding agents tested, SFA had some selective binding for androstenone as the Bmax for androstenone was greater than both E1S (P < 0.0001) and E1 (P = 0.0013). These results suggest that biochar may be a suitable alternative to AC for use as a feed additive as it can bind high concentrations of androstenone, and its binding characteristics were most like AC. Future animal studies are needed to evaluate the effects in vivo to assess the efficacy of biochar as a dietary treatment for boar taint.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle