Index

Citation (2023), "Index", Blair, S.L. and Zhang, Y. (Ed.) Cohabitation and the Evolving Nature of Intimate and Family Relationships (Contemporary Perspectives in Family Research, Vol. 24), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 311-318. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1530-353520230000024013 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2024 Sampson Lee Blair and Yongjun Zhang INDEX Adultery charges/damages, 273 African psychology, 214–215, 219 African/black psychological theory, 214 Akan, 271 Alcohol, 225–226 “Alternative to marriage” scenario, 187 Analytic strategy, 14, 39–41, 196 Argentina, 286 Asante/Ashanti of Ghana, 271 Aseda, 273, 275, 277 Ashanti Law and Constitution, 273 Ashanti Social Survey, 275 Assets, 86 Autonomy index, 291 Average marginal effects (AMEs), 72, 92 Average treatment effect (ATE), 153–154 Average treatment effect on the controls (ATC), 154 Average treatment effect on the treated (ATT), 154 Baby Boomers, 35, 291 Baseline bias, 148 Becoming, 106, 109 Behavioral change, 189 Behavioral incentives, 191 Biographical planning, 195 Biological ties, 133 Birth cohorts, 38, 296 Births outside of marriage, 144 Black psychology, 215 Breadwinner model, 190 Bride-price/wealth, 273 Bridewealth payment, 272 British Cohort Study 1970 (BCS70), 149–150 Bundesinstitut für bevölkerungsforschung (bib), 192 Butters v Mncora (2012), 252 Canada, 30 Charlton’s study, 116 Chez Deenu Pty Ltd v Seychelles Breweries Limited (2013), 246 Child of the relationship, 259 Childbearing, 38, 145 in cohabitation, 199 country-level differences in context of, 147–148 data and measures, 149–155 descriptive results, 155–156 linkages between parenting contexts and mid-life health, 145–147 regression results, 156–159 selection bias, 148–149 Childrearing practices, 116 Chile, 286 Civil Code 2021, 246, 260 Civil rights movement, 111 Civil Status Act (1893), 239–240 Close relatives, 245 Clusters, 195 algorithms, 41 analysis, 39 Coercive behavior, 227 Cohabitation, 2–5, 33, 61–62, 84, 111–114, 126, 144, 184, 214, 241, 286 age-old practice of, 270 in colonial Asante, 273–278 contemporary scene, 278–281 country-specific expectations, 191–193 data and methods, 89–92, 193–196 different types of cohabitation in empirical research, 190–191 empirical background, 85–86 empirical results, 92 ethical consideration, 99 evolving nature of, 60–61 experiences, 35 impact functions for effects of transition into cohabitation on economic worries, 104 and LGBTQ parenting, 108 marriage forms in Ghana, 271–272 minimum duration, 242 national path dependencies, 189–190 prevalence of patterns and meaning of, 187–188 protective functions, 84 results, 196–202 second demographic transition, 188–189 stage model of spread of cohabitation, 185–187, 197 status, 13 theoretical assumptions and hypotheses, 86–89 theoretical background, 185–193 in United States, 60 Cohabitators, 61 Cohabiting unions, 186 Cohort dynamics in Italy, 202 Cohort effect, 296 Common law marriages, 239–240, 260–262 context of, 245–246 requirements for valid common law marriage, 240–243 termination of, 264 unjust enrichment and dissolution, 262–263 Common law relationships, 239–240 Community Police Forum (CPF), 217 Comparative social change research, 195 Constitutional Court, 240 Constructive trusts, 251 Continuous Household Survey (ECH), 289 Convention on the Elimination of Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), 238 Convergence among groups, 295–296 Coresidential relationships, potential protective aspects of, 149 Country-level differences in context of childbearing, 147–148 Country-specific expectations, 191–193 Court of Appeal, 240–241, 250, 256 Courts Act, 249 Cox model, 41 of cohabitation separation, 56 of marital separation/divorce, 56 Cross-national variation, 147 Cultural beliefs and values, 216 Cultural change, 193 Culture, 193 Customary marriage, 243, 271, 278 rites, 272 Dating, 3 relationships, 13 Deficit model, 8 Delayed marriage, 33 Department of Health (DoH), 217 Dependent variable, 11–12 Descriptive analysis, 290 Descriptive methods, 84 Descriptive statistics, 14–18 Diffusion of cohabitation over time, 185 Disability, 109 Disadvantaged families, 111 Discrimination, 216 Dissimilarity matrix, 40 Dissolution, 262–263 Distribution of key variables, 69 Distribution of property, 251, 253–254 Diverse family structures, 111 Division of household labor, 58, 61–62 analytic techniques, 66–68 background, 58–62 data, 62–63 effects of, 59–60 evolving nature of cohabitation, 60–61 limitations, 77 measures, 63–65 methods, 62–68 results, 69–74 sample, 68 Divorce, 33, 36 on health, 146 Domestic partnership, 255 Drug use, 7–8, 12–13 Economic deprivation in childhood, 146 Economic insecurity during childhood, 145 Economic worries, 88 impact functions for effects of transition into cohabitation on, 104 Education, 7, 99 disparities, 61 Egalitarian ideology, 59 Emerging adulthood, 2 union status in, 4–6 Emotional harm, 111 Empirical strategy, 153–155 Empirical studies, 185 Engaged cohabiters moving fast toward marriage, 61 Engaged cohabiters moving slow toward marriage, 61 Entropy, 40 Episode order, 195–196 Equity, 59 Erasto Robert Muhozya v Bibie Ally Mng’ombe (2023), 243 Esther & Others v Public Utilities Corporation & Anor (2019), 244 Ethnicity, 109 “Euro-American church wedding” marriage, 279 Europe, 184 Ewe, 271 Expectations, 123 Exploratory sequence analysis, 191 Familial reputation, 221 Family life course, 30 analytic strategy, 39–41 background in theory and research, 31–33 current study, 34–37 data source and sample, 37–38 measurement, 38 method, 37–41 results, 41–47 trajectories, 31 Family trajectories, 34–35, 188, 191 complexity of, 36 descriptive statistics for full sample and by type of, 39 in earlier stages of adult life course, 41–44 in early adulthood and union dissolution in middle and later life, 44–47 Family/families, 117, 126, 286 disruption, 145 formation, 111 forms, 109–110 law marriage, 241 Fatherhood, 110, 116 Fixed-effects logit regression models, 92 Fixed-term employment, 85 France, cohabitation in, 199–200 Free unions, 287–288 Ga-Dangme, 271 Gay rights, 111 Gender, 71, 90, 109 norms, 62 pay gap, 87 role attitudes, 87 General Social Surveys (GSS), 31, 37 Generation X, 291 Generation Z, 291 Generations and Gender Survey (GGS), 150, 194 German economy, 84 German Socio-economic Panel (GSOEP), 84, 89 Germany, cohabitation in, 200–202 Ghana, marriage forms in, 271–272 Ghanaian marriage laws, 278 Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS), 13 Good parent, 110 Government of Seychelles v Rose & Others (2012), 244 Gray divorce, 33 revolution, 33 Great Recession, 84 Grusi, 271 Guan, 271 Gurma, 271 Happiness, 59 Health, 146 Heterogeneity, 144 Heteronormative ideals, 114 Heteronormativity, 115–116 Heterosexual parents, 113 Hierarchical clustering algorithm, 40 Human capital, 146 Identities, 123 crisis, 129 Impoverishment, 294 In vitro fertilization (IVF), 106 Incongruent engaged cohabiters, 61 Incongruent nonengaged cohabiters, 61 “Indirect contribution” to relationship, 258 Individualization, 188 Individualized parental identity, 127–130, 135–136 Infertility, 110 Initiative for Strategic Litigation in Africa (ISLA), 251 Insider status, 124 Institutionalized unions, 146 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), 63 Interaction effect, 88 Internalized norms, 213 Intersectionality, 116 Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE), 228 Intimate femicide in cohabitation, 213 Intimate partner violence (IPV), 212, 228 cohort of participants, 219 data analysis, 219 data collection procedures, 218 findings, 219–224 leaving in face of challenges, 224–227 method, 217–219 participants’ self-reflection on, 220–224 settings, 217–218 theoretical framework, 214–217 Intimate relationship, 84 characteristics, 13 Islamic marriage processes, 271 Italy, cohabitation in, 202 Jealousy, 2 Job quality, 62 Joint vacations, 86 Judith Augustino Simon v William Isaya Mpinga (2020), 253 Kiernan model, 192, 201 Kinship and Marriage Among the Ashanti, 274 Knowledge creation, 119 Labor income, 86 Larue v Hertel & Anor (2017), 249 Legal, 238–240, 270 decisions, 116 Legalization impact on parental identity construction, 136–138 of same-sex marriage, 125, 137 Legislation, 241 Lesbian families, 110 LGBTQ, 106 cohabitation and LGBTQ parenting, 108 couples, 106–107 data collection and analysis, 123–124 gaps in literature about LGBTQ parenting, 114–116 identity, 123 individualized and shared parental identities, 135–136 impact of legal decisions on, 106 limitations, 138–140 literature review, 108–117 methodological limitations, 138–139 methodology, 117–125 parental identity construction, 107–108, 125–135 parents, 110 recruitment, 118–119 researcher positionality, 124–125 sample description, 119–123 sample limitations, 139–140 sample parameters, 117–118 theoretical underpinnings, 116–117 Liberal welfare regimes, 148 Liberalism, 193 Life course, 86 approach, 32 perspective, 144 theory, 35 trajectories, 31–32 Liwonde & Ors. v Kalua & Anor. (2021), 242 Logistic regression models, 14, 18, 39, 41 Mande, 271 Marginalization, 216 Marital biography, 35 Marital privilege, 263 Marriage, 61–62, 84, 144–145, 186, 286 bar approach, 86 by cohabitation, 243 forms in Ghana, 271–272 likelihood of, 146 protection theory, 147 Marriages Act, 271–272 Mating of lovers, 273 Matrilineal system, 274 Matrimonial property, 251 Maximum likelihood method, 291 MAXQDA software, 219 Mental health of married adults, 144 MICE package, 41 Microaggressions, 116 Mid-life health, 145–147 Millennials, 291 Mini-jobs, 85 Ministry of Social Development and Family of Chile (MIDEPLAN), 289 Missing at random (MAR), 66 Mistrust, 2 Modernization theories, 185 Modernized male breadwinner model, 191 Mohammedan Marriage, 272 Mole-Dagbani, 271 Monnaie v Choppy (2021), 258 Motherhood, 110, 116 Multiple imputation (MI), 63, 66–68 Multivariate analysis, 290 Multivariate results, 18–19 Nation-specific life course regimes, 189 National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), 194 National Institute of Statistics (INE), 289 National Institute of Statistics and Census (INDEC), 289 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), 149 National path dependencies, 188–190 National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN), 289 National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), 62–63 Non-engaged cohabiters without marital plans, 61 Non-marital childbearing, 186 Nonparents, 110 Norway, cohabitation in, 198–199 Nuclear family, 111 Nuptiality transition, 301 Objective factors, 287 “One-mother and one-father” mentality, 138 Optimal matching analysis (OMA), 39–40, 194 Order of events, 195 Ordinance marriage, 271–272, 279 Out-of-wedlock fertility, 192 Outsider status, 124 Panel data, 193 Parental identity construction, 106–108, 116, 125 individualized parental identity, 127–130 legalization impact on, 136–138 process, 125, 130 shared parental identity, 130–135 Parental support system, 227 Parenthood, 33, 111, 145–146 identity and experience, 116 Parenting, 107, 109, 130–131, 134 mold, 108–111 Partner asymmetry, 12 Partner resources, 88 Past marital separation, 8 Path dependency, 189 analytical framework, 190 Pensions Fund Act (2005), 244–245 Perceptions effect, 296 and values, 296–298 Permanent Household Survey, urban total (EPH-TU), 289 Perpetrators, 226 Physical health of married adults, 144 Policy measures, 191 Political ideologies, 124 Polyamorous family arrangements, 113 Positionality, 124 Potential bias, 148–149 Power, 59 Pre-marital cohabitation, 198, 201, 275 Primary caregiver, 130 Private property, 86 Privileges, 111 Probit regressions, 290 Propensity score approach, 146 Propensity score matching (PSM), 153 Propensity score weighted analysis on midlife self-reported health Norway, 179–182 United Kingdom, 174–178 United States, 170–173 Property, 241, 244 Property orders under 2021 Civil Code, 254–259 Proprietary estoppel, 251–252 Protocol to African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, 238 Public policy, 186 Qualitative constructivism paradigm, 218 Race, 109 Racism, 216 Recruitment, 118–119 Reflexivity, 124 Region, 286, 293 Registration of Customary Marriage and Divorce Act (2007), 243 Regression results, 69–70, 76 Relational deficits, 8, 20 Relational investment, 9 Relationships, 2, 13, 19, 188–189 factors, 20 happiness, 58, 63, 71–72 Remarriage, 37 Researcher positionality, 124–125 Right to form family, 239–240 Rights of parties in common law marriage in Seychelles, 243–246 Roles, 123 Rural Vhembe District, 214, 220 Same-sex domestic relationships, 255 Same-sex parents, 114–115 Satisfaction, 59 School systems, 115 Second Demographic Transition (SDT), 60, 184, 286, 288 framework, 31 theory, 188–189 Secularization, 188 Securing rights, 132 Selection bias, 148–149 Self-love, 225 Separation, chance of, 63–64, 72–74 Sequence analysis, 31, 34, 39, 41 methodology, 193–194 Serial cohabitation, 37 Sexual behavior, 7–8 Sexual biographies, 20 Sexual exclusivity, 2 Sexual history, 9–10 characteristics, 13–14 Sexual non-exclusivity, 2, 19 analytic strategy, 14 basic contours, 2 current study, 10–111 drug use and sexual behavior, 7–8 measures, 11–14 methods, 11–14 participants, 11 relational perspective on, 3–4 relationship correlates, 8–9 results, 14–19 sexual history and, 9–10 sociodemographic correlates, 6–7 and union status in emerging adulthood, 4–6 Sexual orientation, 109 Sexual scripting, 222 Sexuality, 112 Seychelles, 238 legislation, 239 marital privilege, 263 property orders under 2021 Civil Code, 254–259 relationships, 259–260 requirements for valid common law marriage, 240–243 right to form family, 239–240 rights of parties in common law marriage in, 243–246 succession and common law marriages, 260–262 termination of common law marriage, 264 unjust enrichment, 246–254 unjust enrichment and dissolution, 262–263 Shared parental identity, 107, 130–136 Signing away rights to child, 133 Silent Generation, 291 Social and sexual scripts, 221–222 Social class, 109 Social constructionism, 116 Social constructionist perspective, 117 Social Democratic welfare regime, 148 Social norms, 144 Social scripts of parenthood, 125 Social Security Act, 245 Social support, 223 Sociocultural factors, 109 Sociodemographic characteristics, 12 Socioeconomic status in adulthood, 145 South Africa, 214, 220 South African demographic health study, 212 South African Police Service (SAPS), 217 Southern Cone cohabitation in, 286 conceptual framework and hypotheses, 287–289 convergence among groups, 295–296 data source and characteristics, 289–290 factors, 306–309 method, 290–292 perceptions and values, 296–298 results, 292–298 Specialization, 58 Spousal violence, 8 Stage model of spread of cohabitation, 185–187 “Standard North American Family” ideal (SNAF), 112, 114, 138 Stigma, 110 Stress-related problems, 220 Structural factors, 287 Structural oppression, 215 Subjective economic worries, 88 Subjective insecurities and worries, 87 Substance abuse, 223 Substance use, 7–8 Succession, 260–262 Supreme Court, 240, 244, 250 Survey weights, 41 Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs), 213 Swedish exceptionalism, 186 Temporary contracts, 85 Thematic analysis, 219 Thohoyandou Victim Empowerment Programme (TVEP), 217 Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), 3, 10–11 Toxic gender roles, 216 Traditional-local model, 288 Trajter v Minister of Home Affairs and Transport (2013), 257 TraMineR package, 41 Transvaal region, 218 Ubuntu, 216, 228 Unemployment rates, 84 Union disruption, 37 Union dissolution, 30 family trajectories in early adulthood and union dissolution in middle and later life, 44–47 in middle and later life, 33 Union status in emerging adulthood, 4–6 Unjust enrichment, 246–254 Unmarried parents, 111 Uruguay, 286 Value changes, 188 Vhembe District Municipality, 218 Victims of violence, 221 Vietnam War, 111 Violent behavior, 221 Voices, 218 Weighted means of model covariates, 167–169 Weighted regression analysis, 153 Welfare regimes, 148 Western conceptualizations of family, 112 Western family values, 112 Widowhood, 36 Women’s health, 145 Women’s liberation, 111 Working mothers, 87 World Marriage Data (WMD), 290 World Values Survey (WVS), 290, 300 Young women, 212–213 of color, 215 Book Chapters Prelims Chapter 1: Individual and Relationship Determinants of Sexual Non-Exclusivity: Comparing Cohabiting, Dating, and Married Emerging Adults Chapter 2: Family Life Course Trajectories and Union Dissolution in Middle and Later Life Chapter 3: All is Not Fair in Love and Housework: Perceptions of Household Labor and Relationship Attitudes in Cohabitating and Married Couples Chapter 4: Protective Function of Cohabitation Against Economic Worries Chapter 5: Parental Role Construction Among LGBTQ Parents in the Post-Equality Era Chapter 6: Partnered, Cohabiting, or Married: Childbearing and Mothers' Mid-Life Health in the US, UK, and Norway Chapter 7: Convergence or Divergence? The Unfolding of Cohabitation in France, Germany, Italy, and Norway Chapter 8: Intimate Partner Violence in Cohabiting Relationships: Young Women's Voices from Rural Vhembe District, South Africa Chapter 9: Marriage by Cohabitation (Common Law Marriage) in Seychelles: Emerging Issues Chapter 10: Defining Cohabitation in the Ghanaian Context: Some Historical and Contemporary Perspectives Chapter 11: Cohabitation in the Southern Cone: Recent Evolution, Associated Factors and Convergence Index

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