A Systematic Review of Tissue Engineering of a Total Artificial Heart: Focus on Perfusion Decellularization
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction: A leading cause of death worldwide is heart disease, and in the United States alone, 6.2 million individuals live with heart failure. The recent ability to recreate the vascular network of cardiac Extracellular Matrix (ECM) suggests the feasibility of engineering whole heart constructs. Tissue engineering method such as perfusion decellularization allows for effective removal of nearly all cellular composition of a heart while maintaining the native mechanical integrity of the scaffold. This scaffold can be reseeded with stem cells in the hopes of generating a functional heart. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the various perfusion decellularization methods and its effects upon the biologic scaffold. Methodology: A comprehensive systematic literature review search was carried out through Pubmed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar using the search terms “whole heart decellularization”, “whole organ decellularization” and “perfusion decellularization”. The inclusion criteria for this research were as follows: scholarly or peer-reviewed studies, published within the last 20 years in the English language, and primary studies in which whole cardiac organ decellularization was performed. Chosen articles were those examining the various decellularization methods and its effects upon the biologic scaffold. Excluded were studies regarding heart valve decellularization, tissue decellularization, cardiac patch, tissue recellularization, articles in foreign languages, articles dated prior to 2001, literature reviews, systematic reviews, and duplicate articles. Results: Chemical agents such as acid and bases cause hydrolytic degradation of biomolecules which could reduce ECM strength and eliminate growth factors from the matrix. Compared to other detergents such as Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate yields a more complete removal of nuclear material. A combination of these various approaches has shown an increased efficacy of the decellularization process. The decellularization of a large solid organ such as the heart requires several sophisticated steps. Perfusion decellularization is achieved via anterograde or retrograde perfusion of the intrinsic vascular network of the heart by utilizing decellularizing agents (i.e., chemicals and/or enzymes). Hodgson et al., 2017 demonstrates a combined strategy in which the decellularization of porcine hearts is accomplished in 24 hours and results in 98% DNA removal with only 6 hours of detergent exposure. Conclusion: There have been significant advances to address the heart disease epidemic. A promising approach is perfusion decellularization which allows for complete DNA content removal while maintaining the ECM scaffold integrity. This scaffold is then re-cellularized with stem cells in the hopes of creating an artificial heart. There are several challenges that need to be surpassed before bio-artificial hearts can be used to replace in vivo function. Future research is directed towards optimizing types of cells and cell sources used to repopulate decellularized hearts, seeding strategies and bioreactor systems to provide in vitro conditions required for organ maturation.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,029 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,008 | 0,007 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,015 | 0,018 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».