The Use Of Nigrosin Staining To Increase Brain Slice Contrast For Neuroanatomy Teaching
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Although plastic models and electronic resources play an important role in demonstrating concepts in neuroanatomy, the study of human cadaver brain remains important where it is necessary to illustrate detail, spatial relationships, or in clinical teaching. The most difficult structures to visualize in embalmed brains are the deep cerebral and cerebellar nuclei due to the muted contrast after embalming. Many contrast enhancing staining protocols have several drawbacks including vague published protocols, variability of staining, the need for counter‐stains, or the length of the staining process. The purpose of our study was to evaluate several simple stains and protocols that would be effective in increasing grey matter contrast in brain slices. Whole brains were extracted from cadavers fixed with 65% ethanol, 10% propylene glycol, 4% phenol, 4% Dettol and 2% formalin after 10–12 months. Brains were postfixed with 10% formalin for 2–3 weeks before use. Two Plexiglas frames were constructed with horizontal (transverse) or vertical (coronal) slits spaced 1 cm apart to facilitate the cutting of serial sections. Serial transverse or coronal slices of brains were washed in tap water for 1 min prior to staining. Brain slices were stained in various dilutions of aqueous toluidine blue, cresyl violet, or Nigrosin. The contrast between grey and white matter was measured with a standardized camera and image analysis was performed on 8‐bit images using Image‐J. Overstained or understained sections were obtained with all protocols except Nigrosin. The most successful staining was obtained on sections stained with 0.5% aqueous Nigrosin for 15 min followed by clearing in a series of water and ethanol rinses. Sections were stored on a stainless steel tray covered with a moist cloth for various times before quantitative analyses was performed. The depth of staining was evaluated in sections cut tangential to the stained surface. The robustness of the staining was evaluated in sections stored in water, 2% aqueous glycerol, 100% ethanol, or 100% acetone for various times up to 4 wks. We conclude that the staining of brain sections with Nigrosin provides high contrast differentiation of grey and white matter. Interestingly, details of white matter tracts became visible but certain deep brain nuclei were consistently unstained. There was minimal fading of the staining after storage in organic and inorganic solvents indicating that the method may be useful for long term storage as both wet or plastinated specimens. Nigrosin staining of brain slices serves as a simple method to increase the visibility of brain structures for the study of neuroanatomy. Support or Funding Information Education Program in Anatomy, McMaster University
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».