Hemp Food Product Consumption for 4 Weeks Raises Red Blood Cell Alpha Linolenic Acid, but not Total n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content, Compared to a Soybean and Sesame Control Product in Free Living Participants who are Overweight or Obese.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Hemp foods are an excellent source of omega‐6 (n‐6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and omega‐3 (n‐3) PUFA. Hemp seeds and oil contain high amounts of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha linolenic acid (ALA) in approximately a 3 to 1 ratio. Consumption of ALA from other sources, such as flax, have been shown to increase the total n‐3 PUFA in red blood cells (RBC), which may be beneficial for cardiovascular health. Due to historical restrictions on the growing of hemp, the investigation of its health benefits has been limited. Thus, there is a need for nutritional interventions that investigate the potential health benefits of hemp consumption. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of hemp food products on RBC fatty acid profiles and serum lipids following 4 weeks of consumption. A free‐living, double‐blind, randomized, 2 period cross‐over feeding study (NCT02400203) was conducted in participants who were overweight or obese. Treatment products were hulled seeds and salad dressing which were given for 28 days. Participants were given hulled hemp seeds, and salad dressing containing 30 g/d of hemp oil (hemp treatment), or hulled sesame seeds, and salad dressing containing 30g/d of soybean oil (control). Participants were instructed by the research team to integrate the products (2 prepackaged sachets of seeds, 1 serving of salad dressing) into their daily meals and to avoid other dietary sources of n‐3 PUFA. RBC fatty acid content was measure by GC‐FID and serum lipids were measured by automated colorimetric assay. A total of 37 participants were enrolled and 30 participants completed the study protocol. No difference was seen in RBC n‐3 PUFA at the end of the hemp treatment compared to the control (8.07 % ± 0.22 % vs. 7.99 % ± 0.22 %, p=0.72). However, RBC ALA was increased at the end of the hemp treatment compared to control (0.36 % ± 0.02% vs. 0.25 % ± 0.02%, p=0.002). There was no difference in RBC n‐6 PUFA at the end of the hemp treatment compared to the control (32.7 % ± 0.35 % vs. 32.01 % ± 0.35 %, p=0.10), and no difference in RBC n‐6 to n‐3 ratio was seen at the end of the hemp treatment compared to the control (4.12 ± 0.11 vs. 4.10 ± 0.12, p=0.85). There was also no difference between treatments in RBC monounsaturated or saturated fatty acids percentages (p=0.28 and p=0.32, respectively). Total cholesterol was not different at the end of the hemp treatment compared to the control (p=0.53). LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were not different at the end of the hemp treatment compared to the control (p=0.22, p=0.11, and p=0.75, respectively). These results suggest that consumption of hulled hemp seeds and oil does not lead to increased RBC n‐3 PUFA, at least not within 4 weeks. Since ALA competes with LA for elongation, the high n‐6 content of hemp may limit the elongation of ALA to longer chain n‐3 PUFA. Therefore, the fatty acid composition of hemp may not be ideal for someone looking to increase their RBC n‐3 PUFA content. Support or Funding Information Governments of Manitoba and Canada through the Growing Forward 2, Growing Innovation – Agri‐Food Research and development Initiative. Matching funds were provided by Manitoba Harvest, Hempro Int. GmbH & Co. KG, and Hemp Oil Canada.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».