Lean Mass Accretion Associates With Vitamin D Intake: A 6 Month Randomized Controlled Trial in 2–8 y Olds Using Fortified Foods
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Canadian children do not meet the recommended dietary intake for vitamin D. Vitamin D is well established as a fundamental nutrient for bone health, but the effect of vitamin D intake on lean mass accretion in children is not well understood. The objective was to determine whether increasing vitamin D intake by 300IU/d, compared to normal intakes (~200 IU/d), would be beneficial for lean mass accretion in young children. Healthy children 2 to 8 y (n=51) from the Greater Montreal area, randomized by family, consumed vitamin D intakes of ~200 IU/day in the control group with an additional 300 IU/d in cheese or yogurt beverage in the fortified group for 6 months starting in October 2014 (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02387892). Whole body and regional lean mass and fat mass were measured at baseline and 6 months using DXA (Hologic Discovery APEX software version 13.3). Fasted venous blood was sampled at baseline, 3 and 6 mo for measurement of vitamin D status (total serum 25(OH)D: Liaison, Diasorin and LC‐MS/MS) as well as ionized calcium (ABL80 Flex, Radiometer) followed by standardized anthropometry, demographics plus activity and dietary questionnaires. A mixed model ANOVA with post‐hoc Bonferroni adjustment was used to test for differences between groups. Data are mean ± SE unless otherwise stated. At baseline participants (5.64 ± 0.27 y) were 61% male (31/51), had BMI z‐score of 0.65 ± 0.12 with 4% (2/51) having serum 25(OH)D concentration below 50 nmol/L and there were no children who were deficient (< 30 nmol/L). Forty nine (96%) children completed the study with no differences between groups in baseline vitamin D intakes (). There were no differences between groups for macronutrient intakes, except at baseline where fat intake was significantly higher in the control group (p = 0.01). Serum 25(OH)D stayed above 50 nmol/L in 80% (39/49) of children across the study, no children became deficient and there were no changes in ionized calcium. There was a significant difference between groups (p = 0.02) for percent change in total lean mass (control: 6.2% ± 1.2%, fortified: 9.2% ± 1.0%) () but not appendicular lean mass (control: 7.8% ± 1.9%, fortified: 13.2% ± 1.9%) over 6 months. There was no difference between groups for percent change in total fat mass (control: −4.3% ± 4.2%, fortified: −7.1% ± 3.7%) () over 6 months. Change in android and gynoid fat, along with fat mass and lean mass indices (trunk/limb fat mass ratio, lean mass + bone mineral content/height 2 ) were not different between groups. These data in healthy young children suggests that a vitamin D intake meeting the estimated average requirement (400 IU/d), compared to normal intakes, may have a positive impact on lean mass accretion without significantly influencing fat mass during winter months. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by funding from Dairy Farmers of Canada, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and Canada Research Chairs and in‐kind support from Agropur and Ultima Foods for the study products. Dairy Farmers of Canada did not have a role in design, implementation, analysis or interpretation. Vitamin D intake assessed by a validated 30 d food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 2–8 y old children. Time point Control group Fortified group Baseline 202 ± 76 (n=25) 248 ± 73 (n=26) 3 month 239 ± 117 (n=24) 466 ± 95 (n=26) 6 month 241 ± 124 (n=23) 486 ± 90(n=26) Boxes with different superscripts are significantly different, using a repeated measures mixed model ANOVA. Data are unadjusted mean ± SD.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».