Assessing differences in the functional morphologic relationships of the nasal cavities of anatomically modern humans, Neanderthals, and mid‐Pleistocene <i>Homo</i>
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Studies of the nasal cavities of anatomically modern humans (AMH), Neanderthals, and mid‐Pleistocene Homo (mPH) have traditionally approached analysis of species‐level differences by assessing where fossil specimens fall along the range of living humans. Both extinct hominin groups exhibit piriform aperture dimensions found among tropical AMH populations with some even exceeding them. It has recently been argued that a different set of functional relationships likely accounts for this pattern. This study assessed such differences via 3D Geometric Morphometric analyses. Coordinate data representing 29 facial, nasal, and basicranial landmarks were collected on a geographically diverse adult human sample (n=184; South East Asians, Chinese, West Africans, East Africans, North Africans, Southern Europeans, Northern Europeans, Alaskan Inuit, and Aboriginal Australians) and a pooled fossil sample (PFS) of Neanderthals (n=3) and mPH (n=4). PFS was pooled as all exhibit extremely broad piriform apertures (after Procrustes fitting of the total sample), tall‐narrow choanae, and narrow basicrania. When scaled over centroid size, the fossils exceeded most AMH specimens in all these measures but no significant ( P <0.05) differences were found between PFS and any single AMH population in the correlation of piriform aperture breadth to any of these measures. The only difference noted was that premaxilla length was significantly ( P <0.05) correlated with piriform aperture width only among PFS. However, when only landmarks bounding the nasal cavity (n=11) were used in a Generalized Procrustes Analysis, PFS exhibited greatest Procrustes and Malhalanobis distances from all AMH populations. Next, 2‐block Partial Least Square Analyses (PLS) and Modularity tests were ran on the AMH and PFS coordinate data via the MorphoJ program. Two PLS's were performed on each sample, one with a nasal block including only landmarks bounding the piriform aperture and the other PLS used a nasal block of landmarks bounding both piriform aperture, hard palate (i.e. nasal floor), and choanae. Both were significant ( P <0.001; 250 random permutations) among AMH but not PFS, suggesting that nasal landmark positions among AMH are not independent from those on the face and basicranium. Further analysis supported inclusion of piriform aperture, nasal floor, and choanal landmarks in a nasal module among PFS ( P <0.039, 10,000 random permutations). Additional modularity tests identifying only two blocks (three landmarks bounding piriform aperture versus all others) showed that the permutations with the least covariance include choanal landmarks among both AMH and PFS, suggesting that the choanal boundaries are among the most conservative structures. Given the closer relationship among PFS between the piriform aperture rim and the consistently tall‐narrow choanae as part of a module, this factor may account for the paradoxically broad piriform apertures of Neanderthals living in Pleistocene Eurasia. Support or Funding Information NSF Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant, BCS‐1128901
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».