Evaluation of Foveal Avascular Zone After Strabismic and Anisometropic Amblyopia Therapy in Saudi Children Using Optic Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Cohort Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Purpose: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) noninvasively images retinal microvasculature. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) biomarkers can act as indicators of various forms of amblyopia, making them valuable tools for clinicians. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of amblyopia therapy on the FAZ using OCTA to determine FAZ size in children with untreated amblyopia. Patients and Methods: This two-arm cohort study enrolled 23 children with untreated strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia who underwent OCTA between 2021– 2022. Each arm had 23 eyes, with one arm having amblyopic eyes and the other having normal eyes. FAZ area, perimeter, and circularity index were measured before and quarterly during 1 year of occlusion therapy. Differences in avascular zone biomarkers between amblyopic and fellow eyes were compared and linked to demographic and ocular factors. Results: Similar FAZ areas were found in the amblyopic (0.3 mm 2 ) and nonamblyopic eyes (0.28 mm 2 ) (P = 0.83), with no significant change in either group (P = 0.93). Amblyopic eyes showed a larger FAZ perimeter reduction (0.12 mm 2 ) than fellow eyes (0.02 mm 2 ), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). The circularity index in amblyopic eyes matched with fellow eyes (0.67 mm 2 ), P = 0.38. Initial visual acuity and strabismus correlated with changes in the follow-up FAZ area. Conclusion: Amblyopia treatment did not significantly alter FAZ area in this cohort. Perimeter variations between amblyopic and fellow eyes require further study. The conclusions were limited by the sample size and lack of randomization. Plain Language Summary: Amblyopia is a common vision problem in children in which one eye does not see the fellow eye. This can occur if the eyes are not lined up right or if their prescriptions are different. Amblyopia is treated by placing a patch over the stronger eye to help the weaker eye better see. Researchers have used a technique called optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to compare the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) before and after treatment in children with amblyopia. The FAZ is a spot on the back of the eye where there are no blood vessels or light-sensitive cells. Changes in the FAZ may indicate the severity of amblyopia. The study included 23 children with untreated amblyopia. Over the course of more than a year, measurements of FAZ area, perimeter, and roundness were taken before and during occlusion therapy. The size of the FAZ was also compared between the eyes with and without amblyopia. At the start of the study and after treatment, there were no significant differences between the FAZs of amblyopic eyes and other eyes. There were some differences in the size of the FAZ between eyes. Changes in the FAZ area were linked to the initial state of vision and misalignment. Overall, this study found that occlusion therapy did not change FAZ area in children with amblyopia. More research is needed to determine why the FAZ perimeter can differ between the eyes. Larger randomized studies would provide more information about how the FAZ changes when treating amblyopia. Keywords: amblyopia, optical coherence tomography angiography, foveal avascular zone, occlusion therapy, biomarkers
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».