Conclusion: possible directions of blockchain
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In this book, we have provided a comprehensive overview of the phenomenon of blockchain technology, its potential and its pitfalls. Blockchain technology holds significant disruptive potential for changing the way individuals, companies and authorities interact. Although Bitcoin was invented more than a decade ago, the innovative use of the technology that undergirds it has only recently begun and can still be regarded as being in its infancy. However, blockchain technology has to overcome some challenges and shortcomings in the near future for its full potential to be rolled out and for it to outperform existing centralized systems. Other disruptive technologies, such as the internet, provide a paradigm for blockchain. While the basis of these technologies, the Arpanet, was already in operation in October 1969, it took many years until standards such as TCP/IP were established in 1981, and in 1989 the foundations of the World Wide Web were laid. The first browser was published in 1993 with Mosaic. From this point on, it was only through applications such as email that the internet actually began to be used extensively. Consequently, new, complex technologies that can change or displace the business models of established companies are not necessarily successful in the short term. We are at an early stage of research and experimentation with blockchain. While particular sectors can realize the benefits of the technology faster than others, various challenges still have to be overcome before standards are established and the technology can be applied safely and extensively. The challenges for blockchain are technical, governmental and regulatory. The technical issues relate to the scalability of public blockchain systems. The price for the decentralization is that processing tasks need to be performed redundantly, as every validator node needs to process every transaction. The securitization of the system using complex consensus algorithms results in low transaction throughput, which makes them less competitive compared to conventional payment services like Visa. Moreover, block formation intervals are comparably long (13 seconds on average for Ethereum transactions, 10 minutes on average for Bitcoin transactions). These features are impractical and hinder its widespread adoption as a means of payment or for the use of time-critical applications.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,009 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,006 |
| Communication savante | 0,008 | 0,016 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,006 | 0,006 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,031 | 0,009 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».