Dairy producers' colostrum practices, marketing, and attitudes toward male dairy calves
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Optimal early-life care of surplus calves born on dairy farms is critical for health and welfare. This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the marketing practices of male dairy calves, differences in the colostrum management between male and female calves on dairy farms, and the relationship between discrepant colostrum practices and dairy producers' attitudes toward male calf care. United States dairy producers (n = 1,000) in the states of Florida, Michigan, Ohio, Vermont, and Wisconsin were selected using stratified random sampling. A questionnaire containing questions about farm demographics, colostrum management (including quantity and timeliness of colostrum delivery), and producers' attitudes toward male calf care was mailed in February 2021. Attitudes toward male calf care were assessed using 5-point Likert scales for 10 statements regarding perceptions of the value of male calves and barriers in providing optimal care. Producer responses to questions about the quantity and timeliness of colostrum delivery between male and female calves were compared using a nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between differences in colostrum management and producers' attitudes. By May 2021, 953 surveys were delivered and 315 (33.1%) were returned with complete responses. Most producers (>90%) reported feeding equal volumes of colostrum and performing the first postbirth feeding within a similar time frame for male and female calves. However, compared with females, male calves had a longer delay to the first colostrum feeding. Approximately 40% of producers marketed their male calves through auctions, and over half (54.6%) of farms sold the male calves between 3 and 10 d of age. Large farms (≥500 lactating cows) were found to market male calves at a younger age (≤3 d of age). Most producers (>78%) believed their male calves were receiving optimal care and did not consider the workload and financial costs as obstacles to providing good care to male calves. However, those who viewed the workload as an obstacle to good care and produced organic products were marginally more likely to feed a lower volume of colostrum to male calves in the first feeding after birth. These findings suggest that interventions to improve colostrum practices should be more broadly targeted to all calves born on dairy farms, and that age at transport is markedly different between large and small farms.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
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Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».