Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Cisgender Gay and Bisexual Men During the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Time Series Analysis of a US National Cohort Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in March 2020 caused a dramatic change in the way many people lived. Few aspects of daily life were left undisrupted by the pandemic's onset as well as the accompanying policies to control the spread of the disease. Previous research has found that the pandemic may have significantly impacted the mental health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals-potentially more so than other individuals. However, the pandemic did not affect all areas of the United States at the same time, and there may be regional variation in the impact of the onset of the pandemic on depressive symptoms among LGBTQ individuals. OBJECTIVE: To assess regional variation of the impact of the pandemic, we conducted a time series analysis stratified by US geographic region to examine symptoms of depression and anxiety among a sample of primarily cisgender gay and bisexual men before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. METHODS: In total, 5007 participants completed assessments as part of the Together 5000 study, an ongoing prospective cohort study. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4. Patient Health Questionnaire-4 scores were graphed as a function of days from March 15, 2020. Locally estimated scatterplot smoothing trend lines were applied. A sieve-bootstrap Mann-Kendall test for monotonic trend was conducted to assess the presence and direction of trends in the scatterplots. We then compared the observed trends to those observed for 1 year prior (2018-2019) to the pandemic onset using data collected from the same sample. RESULTS: Significant positive trends were detected for the Northeast (P=.03) and Midwest (P=.01) regions of the United States in the 2020 assessment, indicating that symptoms of anxiety and depression were increasing in the sample in these regions immediately prior to and during the onset of the pandemic. In contrast, these trends were not present in data from the 2018 to 2019 assessment window. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of anxiety and depression increased among the study population in the Northeast and Midwest during the beginning months of the COVID-19 pandemic, but similar increase was not observed in the South and West regions. These trends were also not found for any region in the 2018 to 2019 assessment window. This may indicate region-specific trends in anxiety and depression, potentially driven by the burden of the pandemic and policies that varied from region to region. Future studies should consider geographic variation in COVID-19 spread and policies as well as explore potential mechanisms by which this could influence the mental health of LGBTQ individuals.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».