(067) How Many Nerve Fibers Innervate the Human Glans Penis: A Histomorphometric Analysis of the Human Dorsal Nerve of the Penis
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Introduction The mainstream media has frequently quoted that the penis has “half as many” nerve fibers as the human clitoris. Recent work has demonstrated that the number of nerve fibers in the dorsal nerve of clitoris was under-estimated, and no study has yet quantified the number of axons in the human dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP). Improving our understanding of penile innervation and sexual response has potential implications for fields of medical and surgical practice. Several nerve transfers have recently emerged targeting the DNP for re-innervation in order to restore penile sensation and/or erectile function, demonstrating variability in outcomes. Understanding the axon counts of the DNP at the anatomic level that these nerve transfers are performed may inform technical refinements and improve our understanding of current outcomes. Comparing DNP axon counts to the recently reported axon counts of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris may also inform techniques in transgender genital surgery, anticipate sensory outcomes in penile allotransplantation and further our understanding of sexual responses across genitalia. Objective The objective of this study is to quantify the number of axons in the human dorsal nerve of the penis. Methods Bilateral DNP samples were obtained from 5 fresh frozen cadavers. Samples were collected at the base of the penis at the level of the pubic symphysis, a location commonly targeted for coaptation in nerve transfers. Specimens were placed in 3% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide and serially dehydrated in ethanol and toluene. They were embedded in araldite, sectioned on ultramicrotome into 1 μm cross-sections and counter-stained with 1% toluidine blue. Histomorphometric evaluation was performed at 1000x magnification using Leitz Laborlux S microscope and image analysis software (Clemex Vision Professional, Longueuil, Quebec) to obtain nerve fiber counts from each specimen (Figure). Results 10 DNP samples were analyzed. The mean number of axons in the human dorsal nerve of penis was 3,844 +/- 1,238 (range 1,915 to 5,494). Accounting for the bilaterality of the DNP, the mean total number of axons innervating the human glans penis was 7,688 +/- 1,762. Conclusions This study is the first to report the number of axons in the human dorsal nerve of the penis and approximate the number of axons innervating the human glans penis. At the level of the pubic symphysis, axon counts of the dorsal nerve of penis varied significantly and averaged 3,844. The variation in axon counts at this anatomic level was greater than seen in prior reports on the DNC and may be one factor contributing to variations in outcomes following nerves transfers for penile sensation and erection. This variation could also reflect the anatomic level of sample collection or differences in specimen origin (cadaver vs. live person). DNP axon counts were less than or equal to recently reported axon counts of the human glans clitoris, despite the much larger size of the glans penis. This finding may be important when considering clitoral construction in transgender genital surgery, penile allotransplantation and different in sexual responsiveness across genitalia. Disclosure No.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,007 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».