Interactions between Catalyst Layer Degradation and Liquid Water Distribution in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Managing liquid water distribution in PEFCs is critical to desirable high power density operation and cell durability [1–3]. Degradation modes such as carbon corrosion in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) are believed to depend on local humidification [2,4], while the distribution of liquid water may also be influenced by performance drop associated with such degradation [3]. Although some studies have shown the influence of carbon corrosion on liquid water distribution [2,3], the possible reverse effect of liquid water distribution on the CCL degradation requires further investigation. The objective of the present work is to establish a deeper understanding of the cause-and-effect interactions between CCL degradation and liquid water distribution. This is achieved experimentally by carrying out voltage-cycling accelerated stress tests (ASTs) on fuel cells which differ only in the constituent gas diffusion layers (GDLs); namely, SGL 22 BB and a proprietary Avcarb. Three-dimensional X-ray microscopy is used to observe both degradation effects and liquid water distribution at different stages of the ASTs. A relatively rapid operando two-dimensional visualization technique [5] was also used to investigate the differences in liquid water distribution between the two GDLs. The fuel cells imaged are analyzed and exhibit different liquid water distributions, whereby the Avcarb exhibits a higher liquid water condensation close to the CCL, compared to the SGL. Supported by model results, this difference in liquid water distribution is shown to be attributable to the different transport properties of the GDLs. The degradation results, such as the CCL thickness (Fig. 1) show that the Avcarb cell experiences a faster CCL degradation than the SGL cell. Furthermore, the Avcarb liquid water distribution is seen to change with increasing AST cycles in a manner indicating higher vapour phase removal. These results provide insights for GDL design consideration, showing that GDL transport properties may influence liquid water distribution at the electrode with important implications for CCL durability. Acknowledgement Funding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ballard Power Systems, Canada Foundation for Innovation, British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, and Canada Research Chairs. References [1] F. Nandjou, J.-P. Poirot-Crouvezier, M. Chandesris, J.-F. Blachot, C. Bonnaud, and Y. Bultel, “Impact of heat and water management on proton exchange membrane fuel cells degradation in automotive application,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 326, pp. 182–192, 2016. [2] J. D. Fairweather, D. Spernjak, A. Z. Weber, D. Harvey, S. Wessel, D. S. Hussey, D. L. Jacobson, K. Artyushkova, R. Mukundan, and R. L. Borup, “Effects of cathode corrosion on through-plane water transport in proton exchange membrane fuel cells,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 160, no. 9, p. F980, 2013. [3] R. T. White, S. H. Eberhardt, Y. Singh, T. Haddow, M. Dutta, F. P. Orfino, and E. Kjeang, “Four-dimensional joint visualization of electrode degradation and liquid water distribution inside operating polymer electrolyte fuel cells,” Scientific reports, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1843, 2019. [4] T. Mittermeier, A. Weiß, F. Hasché, and H. A. Gasteiger, “Pem fuel cell start-up/shut-down losses vs relative humidity: the impact of water in the electrode layer on carbon corrosion,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 165, no. 16, p. F1349, 2018. [5] F. Aroge, B. Parimalam, J. MacDonald, F. Orfino, M. Dutta, and E. Kjeang, “Analysing operando 2d x-ray transmission images for liquid water distribution in polymer electrolyte fuel cells,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 564, p. 232820, 2023. Figure 1
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Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
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