Molten Carbonate Transformation of the Green House Gas CO<sub>2</sub> to Graphitic Nanomaterials
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
CO2 is a highly stable molecule. This stability had been considered an insurmountable barrier to Its transformative removal from its role as a greenhouse case. The C2CNT® (CO2 To Carbon Nanomaterial Technology) process breaks through this barrier by using an energetic (high temperature), carbon rich (molten carbonate), transition metal nucleated environment, electrolytically splitting of CO2 to graphitic carbon nanomaterials (and O2). Built from the same fundamental graphene structure as graphite, which has a geologic lifetime, these nanocarbons can permanently bind the transformed CO2 to mitigate global warming. Their value arises from the properties of graphene such as high strength and conductivity, solid lubrication, electronic and catalytic activity tuned by distinctive 0D, 1D and 2D morphologies. The value of these nano graphitic carbons arises from the unique properties of graphene such as exceptional strength, high conductivity, solid lubrication, electronic and catalytic activity as modified by their distinctive 0D, 1D and 2D shapes. These nanocarbons are useful in a range of applications in the carbon fiber, polymer, electronic, medical, transportation, steel, cement and power sectors. The C2CNT® technology received the 2021 Carbon XPRIZE XFactor award for producing the most valuable product from CO2. and builds out the C2CNT technology into a Genesis Device® CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage) plant. A Genesis Device® CCUS demonstration plant has been built at the in Calgary, and a large-scale Genesis Device® CCUS plant, the GC3 project, is scheduled in Edmonton, producing 7,500 tonnes of carbon nanotubes transforming the CO2 emission at the Genessee power plant. Some of the 30 C2CNT® related publications are presented at: https://carboncorp.org/climate-change-solution These publications include: “STEP generation of energetic molecules: A solar chemical process to end anthropogenic global warming” Licht, J. Phys. Chem, C, 113, 16283, 2009. "Efficient Solar-Driven Synthesis, Carbon Capture, and Desalinization, STEP: Solar Thermal Electrochemical Production of Fuels, Metals, Bleach" Licht, Advanced Materials,47, 5592 (2011). The discovery of the electrochemical nucleated growth of graphitic nanocarbons in: "One-pot synthesis of carbon nanofibers from CO2", Ren, Li, Lau, Urbina, LichtNano Letters, 15, 6142, 2015. CO2 isotopic tracking to the electrolytic splitting products: “Tracking airborne CO2 mitigation and low cost transformation into valuable carbon nanotubes,” Ren, Licht,Scientific Reports,6, 27760-1, 2016. "Carbon Nanotube Wools Made Directly from CO2 By Molten Electrolysis: Value Driven Pathways to Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Gas Mitigation," Materials Today Energy, Johnson, Ren, Lefler, Licht, Vicini, Liu, Licht, 5, 230,2017. “Recent Advances in Solar Thermal Electrochemical Process (STEP) for Carbon Neutral Products & High Value Nanocarbons,” Ren, Yu, Peng, Lefler, Li, Licht, Accounts of Chemical Research, 52, 3177(2019). “Amplified CO2 greenhouse gas removal with C2CNT carbon nanotube-material composites”, Licht, Xinye, Licht, Wang, Swesi, Chan, Materials Today Sustainability, 6, 100023(2019). Wang, Sharif, Liu, Licht, Lefler, Licht, “Magnetic carbon nanotubes: Carbide nucleated electrochemical growth of ferromagnetic CNTs from CO2,” Wang, Sharif, Liu, Licht, Lefler, Licht, Journal of CO2 Utilization, 40, 101282020. “The green synthesis of exceptional braided, helical carbon nanotubes and nanospiral platelets made directly from CO2,” Liu, Licht, Licht, Materials Today Chemistry , 22, 100529 (2021). Figure top: SEM of nanocarbon allotropes. Top row (from left to right): conical CNF, nano-bamboo, nano-pearl, Ni coated CNT, nano-flower, nano-dragon. Middle row: nano-rod, nano-belt, nano-onion, hollow nano-onion, and nano-tree. Bottom row carbon nanotube, nano-scaffold, nano-platelet, graphene, nano-helices. From: Control of the electrochemical conditions tuning C2CNT® to selectively produce 17 unusual nanocarbons is described in: “Controlled Growth of Unusual Nanocarbon Allotropes by Molten Electrolysis of CO2”, Liu, Licht, Wang, Licht, Catalysts, 12, 125, 2022: Figure Bottom: TEM and HAADF of high purity, high yield carbon nanotubes synthesized by electrolytic splitting of CO2 in 770°C Li2CO3. TEM; scale bars left to right top: 20 nm & 1 nm. 2nd row 100, 5, 5 & 1 nm. 3rd row 100 or 50 nm. Bottom row 20, 1 & 1 nm. From “Controlled Transition Metal Nucleated Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by Molten Electrolysis of CO2”, Liu, Licht, Wang, Licht, Catalysts, 12, 137, 2022: Figure 1
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».