Evaluation of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Drinking Water Quality in Iraq
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Rainwater harvesting is one of the solutions to avoid water loss in the future because it provides sufficient supply and is more economical when compared to other conventional types.The shortage of water supply become a concern due to the growing population as well as the environmental pollution.Rainwater harvesting is seen as the most accessible and easy-to-use resource for drinking and other domestic uses.The current study consists of two main parts; the first part is a hydrological study that includes studying the possibility of benefiting from the amount of rainfall and developing future plans to benefit from this collected water and how to manage it through the implementation of water harvesting technology by collecting rainwater from the roofs to provide part of the population's water needs instead of its wastage and loss.The second part is an environmental study that includes a study of evaluating the quality of water collected through the harvesting of rainwater technology and comparing it with World Health Organization (WHO) specifications for water-drinking purposes.Rainwater samples were analyzed in the environmental laboratory to compare with (WHO) World Health Organization specifications.Samples were obtained at, (28.3, 84.9, and 33.96) liters, respectively, where the average is (49.05) liters.The depths of rain were recorded in the measuring cylinder (5, 14.6, and 9) mm, respectively, where the average is (9.53) mm; the measurement is a negative indicator compared to the expected (26.15) mm.The variables identified (total hardness, calcium, nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, and dissolved substances).Furthermore, 33.33, 0.80, 35.67, 8.83, and 95.0) mg/L, respectively, while the pH (7.97) and conductivity (µs/cm 170.13) were within the specification and the Temperature (23.60℃) and turbidity 10.47 NTU)) It was not in conformity with the specification, as the specification refers to placing in heat (20℃) and turbidity (5 NTU).The current study discloses that the overall quality of water is quite satisfactory as per WHO specifications.The harvesting of rainwater system offers an adequate amount of water and energy savings through lower consumption.Furthermore, considering the cost of fixing and maintenance expenditures, the system is effective and economical.This current study provides the environmental benefits of rainwater harvesting and identifies its probable boundaries and its role in developing a more sustainable water resource management under climate change.This study contributes to improving adaptability strategies of rainwater harvesting for sustainable water resources management under changing climate.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».